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Carbide lamp in a coal mine A carbide lamp from 1900s at the Railway Museum in Flåm, Norway While LED electric lights have mostly replaced carbide lamps, some still prefer the "old-school" approach of using carbide lamps during recreational caving excursions
This enabled the light to pass through and reduced the risk of explosion by stopping the "firedamp" methane gas coming in contact with the flame. [1] 1840 Mathieu Mueseler Exhibited The Museler Lamp in Belgium. [2] 1859 William Clark patented the first electrical mining lamp. [3] 1870s J.B.Marsaut (France) double gauze design [4]
This was not resolved until the introduction of electric lighting around 1900, and the introduction of battery-powered helmet lamps in 1930. The poor light provided yet another reason for miners to try to circumvent the locks. The gauze in early lamps (the Davy, Geordie and Clanny) was exposed to air currents.
It consists of a white material (linen) and served in the Middle Ages to protect the miner when descending below ground (unter Tage). Later it was replaced by the miner's hat ( Fahrhut or Schachthut ), from which the leather cap or helmet were developed and subsequently today's mining helmets .
While helmets are used to protect the caver's head against occasional falling rocks, they find much more use in protecting the cavers' heads from bumps and scrapes while moving through low or awkward passageways. Helmets are invaluable for mounting lights—an array of lights can be attached to a helmet. Many helmets used in caving can also be ...
A mine railway (or mine railroad, U.S.), sometimes pit railway, is a railway constructed to carry materials and workers in and out of a mine. [1] Materials transported typically include ore , coal and overburden (also called variously spoils, waste, slack, culm, [ 2 ] and tilings; all meaning waste rock).
This branch (known as the Lick Branch) once served the quicksilver mining area of New Almaden, located south of San Jose. In later years, it ended at the current site of the Almaden Light Rail Station and served a lumber yard. The freight railroad was abandoned in 1981. A light rail car laying over at the outer end of the line in 1993
A map of the Death Valley Railroad running from Death Valley Junction all the way up to the mines at Ryan near Colemanite. The Death Valley Railroad (DVRR) was a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow-gauge railroad that operated in California's Death Valley to carry borax with the route running from Ryan, California, and the mines at Lila C, both located just east of Death Valley National Park, to Death Valley ...