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Tax fraud occurs if a tax evasion is committed by using falsified documents for deceptive purposes, a crime (Vergehen / crime) punishable by additional imprisonment of up to three years or an additional fine of up to 30,000 CHF. [61] [62] Tax evasion in Switzerland was estimated at CHF 66 billion according to a study in 2023.
It is used by the Member States to tackle external risks of tax abuse and unfair tax competition. It was adopted for the first time in 2017 as a response to tax avoidance in the EU, screening 92 countries. [1] It is managed by the Code of Conduct Group for Business Taxation and monitored by the European Commission (EC). [2]
The Lagarde List is a spreadsheet containing roughly 2,000 potential tax evaders with undeclared accounts at Swiss HSBC bank's Geneva branch. It is named after former French finance minister Christine Lagarde , who in October 2010 passed it on to Greek officials to help them crack down on tax evasion.
Tax rate – focus on effective tax rates, like the Hines–Rice 1994 list, [54] and the Dharmapala–Hines 2009 list. [4] (Hines and Dharmapala avoided rankings in these lists). Connections – focus on legal connections, either Orbis connections like CORPNET's 2017 Conduit and Sink OFCs, or subsidiary connections like the ITEP Connections ...
0% (free zone companies, [230] as well as mainland companies with less than 375,000 AED a year in profit, [231] may need to fill out a tax return) 9% (for mainland companies with a net profit over AED 375,000 annually, taxation paid to other countries credited towards UAE taxation, tax return required) [ 231 ]
The FSI showed jurisdictions like the U.S. and Germany, despite high tax rates, are large contributors to global financial secrecy, [5] however, this is often misinterpreted as implying that the US and Germany are "tax havens"; for example, foreign corporates do not move to the U.S. or Germany to avoid tax.
The quoted income tax rate is, except where noted, the top rate of tax: most jurisdictions have lower rate of taxes for low levels of income. Some countries also have lower rates of corporation tax for smaller companies. In 1980, the top rates of most European countries were above 60%. Today most European countries have rates below 50%. [1]
By early 2010, French tax authorities had begun notifying other countries' tax officials about the files. [5] In April 2015, Nina Ricci's heir, Arlette Ricci, was convicted of tax evasion in a Paris court on the basis of the Swiss Leaks files. Ricci was given a three-year prison sentence, two of them suspended, and had real estate in Paris and ...