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Side effects may include increased bowel gas, abdominal pain, and nausea. [3] Rare but serious side effects may include an abnormal heartbeat, seizures, and kidney problems. [8] Use appears to be safe during pregnancy. [9] [3] It is classified as an osmotic laxative: [4] It works by increasing the amount of water in the stool. [5]
The initial clean-out is achieved with enemas, laxatives, or both. The predominant approach today is the use of oral stool softeners like Movicol , Miralax , lactulose , mineral oil , etc. Following that, enemas and laxatives are used daily to keep the stools soft and allow the stretched bowel to return to its normal size.
Laxatives vary as to how they work and the side effects they may have. Certain stimulant, lubricant, and saline laxatives are used to evacuate the colon for rectal and bowel examinations, and may be supplemented by enemas under certain circumstances. Sufficiently high doses of laxatives may cause diarrhea.
The GI cocktail is a mixture of a viscous anesthetic, an antacid, and an anticholinergic. [1] [2] Common viscous anesthetics use are viscous lidocaine or xylocaine.Common antacids used are magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, or simethicone (more commonly known as Mylanta or Maalox). [3]
The direct (primary) symptom is a lack of control over bowel contents which tends to worsen without treatment. Indirect (secondary) symptoms, which are the result of leakage, include pruritus ani (an intense itching sensation from the anus), perianal dermatitis (irritation and inflammation of the skin around the anus), and urinary tract ...
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Children have different bowel movement patterns than adults. In addition, there is a wide spectrum of normalcy when considering children's bowel habits. [1] On average, infants have 3-4 bowel movements/day, and toddlers have 2-3 bowel movements per day. At around age 4, children develop an adult-like pattern of bowel movements (1-2 stools/day).
Without treatment mortality rates of autoimmune enteropathy are as high as 30%. [8] Many factors such as the need for parenteral nutrition, [61] age of presentation, and the severity of symptoms can impact long-term outcomes. [3] No one treatment has been proven successful in all cases and relapses are common. [4]