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In humans, cervical vertebrae are the smallest of the true vertebrae and can be readily distinguished from those of the thoracic or lumbar regions by the presence of a foramen (hole) in each transverse process, through which the vertebral artery, vertebral veins, and inferior cervical ganglion pass. The remainder of this article focuses upon ...
C4 – Over the acromioclavicular joint. C5 – On the lateral (radial) side of the antecubital fossa, just proximally to the elbow. C6 – On the dorsal surface of the proximal phalanx of the thumb. C7 – On the dorsal surface of the proximal phalanx of the middle finger. C8 – On the dorsal surface of the proximal phalanx of the little finger.
The number of vertebrae in a region can vary but overall the number remains the same. In a human spinal column, there are normally 33 vertebrae. [3] The upper 24 pre-sacral vertebrae are articulating and separated from each other by intervertebral discs, and the lower nine are fused in adults, five in the sacrum and four in the coccyx, or tailbone.
Within the cervical spine, most joints are innervated by the medial branch nerve (a branch of the dorsal rami) from the same levels. In other words, the facet joint between C4 and C5 vertebral segments is innervated by the C4 and C5 medial branch nerves. However, there are two exceptions:
Gray rami communicantes – join the anterior rami [citation needed] of the cervical nerves C5–C6, sometimes also C4 and C7. [1] Thyroid branches – pass alongside the inferior thyroid artery to the thyroid gland. [1] Middle cardiac nerve – descends through the neck to reach the cardiac plexus in the thorax. [1]
The spinal nerves arise from the spinal column. The top section of the spine is the cervical section, which contains nerves that innervate muscles of the head, neck and thoracic cavity, as well as transmit sensory information to the CNS. The cervical spine section contains seven vertebrae, C-1 through C-7, and eight nerve pairs, C-1 through C-8.
The spinal cord is an estimated 45 centimetres (18 inches) long in males and about 43 cm (17 in) in females. [citation needed] It is ovoid-shaped and is enlarged in the cervical and lumbar regions. The cervical enlargement, stretching from the C4 to T1 vertebrae, is where sensory input comes from and motor output goes to the arms and trunk.
Sensation to the front areas of the neck comes from the roots of the spinal nerves C2-C4, and at the back of the neck from the roots of C4-C5. [8] In addition to nerves coming from and within the human spine, the accessory nerve and vagus nerve travel down the neck. [1]