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The antiepileptics carbamazepine and valproate are the most common drugs used to treat PTE; phenytoin may also be used but may increase risk of cognitive side effects such as impaired thinking. [9] Other drugs commonly used to treat PTE include clonazepam, phenobarbitol, primidone, gabapentin, and ethosuximide. [12]
Evidence-based, trauma-focused psychotherapy is the first-line treatment for PTSD. [1] [2] [3] Psychotherapy is defined as a treatment where a therapist and patient build a therapeutic relationship and focus on the patient's thoughts, attitudes, affect, behavior, and social development to lessen the patient's psychopathologies and functional impairment.
This is a list of psychiatric medications used by psychiatrists and other physicians to treat mental illness or distress. The list is ordered alphabetically according to the condition or conditions, then by the generic name of each medication. The list is not exhaustive and not all drugs are used regularly in all countries.
Medications are used to reverse the symptoms of extrapyramidal side effects caused by antipsychotics or other drugs, by either directly or indirectly increasing dopaminergic neurotransmission. The treatment varies by the type of the EPS, but may involve anticholinergic agents such as procyclidine , benztropine , diphenhydramine , and ...
Both newer and older drugs are generally equally effective in new onset epilepsy. [42] The newer drugs tend to have fewer side effects. [42] For newly diagnosed partial or mixed seizures, there is evidence for using gabapentin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine or topiramate as monotherapy. [42]
More than 50% of patients who suffer from a traumatic brain injury will develop psychiatric disturbances. [6] Although precise rates of anxiety after brain injury are unknown, a 30-year follow-up study of 60 patients found 8.3% of patients developed a panic disorder, 1.7% developed an anxiety disorder, and 8.3% developed a specific phobia. [7]
Clonazepam, a benzodiazepine is used to treat many forms of parasomnia. [77] Rapid eye movement behavior disorder responds well to low doses of clonazepam. [78] [79] Restless legs syndrome can be treated using clonazepam as a third line treatment option as the use of clonazepam is still investigational. [80] [81]
PTS occur in about 3.1% of traumatic brain injuries, but the severity of injury affects the likelihood of occurrence. [9] The most important factor in whether a person will develop early and late seizures is the extent of the damage to the brain. [2] More severe brain injury also confers a risk for developing PTS for a longer time after the ...