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In Hinduism, Krishna is recognized as the complete and eighth incarnation of Vishnu, or as the Supreme God (Svayam Bhagavan) in his own right. [1] As one of the most popular of all Hindu deities, Krishna has acquired a number of epithets, and absorbed many regionally significant deities, such as Jagannatha in Odisha and Vithoba in Maharashtra.
The worship of Krishna is part of Vaishnavism, a major tradition within Hinduism. Krishna is considered a full avatar of Vishnu, or one with Vishnu himself. [176] However, the exact relationship between Krishna and Vishnu is complex and diverse, [177] with Krishna of Krishnaite sampradayas considered an independent deity and supreme.
Krishnaism is a term used in scholarly circles to describe large group of independent Hindu traditions—sampradayas related to Vaishnavism—that center on the devotion to Krishna as Svayam Bhagavan, Ishvara, Para Brahman, who is the source of all reality, not simply an avatar of Vishnu.
Vaiṣṇava Sahajiyā yoga could be practiced individually (through visualizing the deity and other yogic practices) as well as with a partner. [4] Furthermore, the Sahajiyās also made use of classic bhakti practices such as kirtan and chanting the names of Krishna as a way to intensify their feelings of love and devotion for Krishna. [2]
Hindu denominations, sampradayas, traditions, movements, and sects are traditions and sub-traditions within Hinduism centered on one or more gods or goddesses, such as Vishnu, Shiva, Shakti and so on. [1] The term sampradaya is used for branches with a particular founder-guru with a particular philosophy. [2]
The name comes from a Sanskrit word (कृष्ण, kṛṣṇa) that means 'black' or 'dark blue'. Certain other figures within Hinduism also have names transliterated as Krishna. These include (with added phonetic spellings); Vyasa - Kṛṣṇa Dvaipāyana (the dark one born on an island)
Krishna Janmashtami is a joyous and widely celebrated festival in India, commemorating the birth of Krishna. The festival typically falls in August or September, on the eighth day (Ashtami) of the Krishna Paksha (dark fortnight) in the Hindu lunar calendar. Throughout India, devotees observe Krishna Janmashtami with great fervor and enthusiasm.
The cult of Krishna Vāsudeva ultimately merged with various traditions such as Bhagavatism, the cult of Gopala-Krishna or the cult of Bala-Krishna, to form the basis of the current tradition of monotheistic religion of Krishna: "Present day Krishna worship is an amalgam of various elements.