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The Gamow factor, Sommerfeld factor or Gamow–Sommerfeld factor, [1] named after its discoverer George Gamow or after Arnold Sommerfeld, is a probability factor for two nuclear particles' chance of overcoming the Coulomb barrier in order to undergo nuclear reactions, for example in nuclear fusion.
The reaction rate density between species A and B, having number densities n A,B, is given by: = where k is the reaction rate constant of each single elementary binary reaction composing the nuclear fusion process: = here, σ(v) is the cross-section at relative velocity v, and averaging is performed over all velocities.
In nuclear physics, the astrophysical S-factor S(E) is a rescaling of a nuclear reaction's total cross section σ(E) to account for the Coulomb repulsion between the charged reactants. It determines the rates of nuclear fusion reactions that occur in the cores of stars .
(Reuters) -World leaders and U.S. politicians reacted to news that former U.S. President Jimmy Carter, who as president brokered peace between Israel and Egypt and later received the Nobel Peace ...
[18] [19] [20] This work, in turn, evolved from his fundamental discovery of quantum tunneling as the mechanism of nuclear alpha decay, and his application of this theory to the inverse process to calculate rates of thermonuclear reaction. At first, Gamow believed that all the elements might be produced in the very high temperature and density ...
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George Gamow introduces the mathematical basis for quantum tunnelling. [2] 1929. Atkinson and Houtermans provide the first calculations of the rate of nuclear fusion in stars. Based on Gamow's tunnelling, they show fusion can occur at lower energies than previously believed.