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  2. Electrical impedance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_impedance

    In electrical engineering, impedance is the opposition to alternating current presented by the combined effect of resistance and reactance in a circuit. [1]Quantitatively, the impedance of a two-terminal circuit element is the ratio of the complex representation of the sinusoidal voltage between its terminals, to the complex representation of the current flowing through it. [2]

  3. Equivalent series resistance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalent_series_resistance

    The DC wire resistance is an important parameter in transformer and general inductor design because it contributes to the impedance of the component, and current flowing through that resistance is dissipated as waste heat, and energy is lost from the circuit. It can be modeled as a resistor in series with the inductor, often leading to the DC ...

  4. Series and parallel circuits - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits

    Series circuits were formerly used for lighting in electric multiple units trains. For example, if the supply voltage was 600 volts there might be eight 70-volt bulbs in series (total 560 volts) plus a resistor to drop the remaining 40 volts. Series circuits for train lighting were superseded, first by motor-generators, then by solid state devices.

  5. RLC circuit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RLC_circuit

    Series RL, parallel C circuit with resistance in series with the inductor is the standard model for a self-resonant inductor. A series resistor with the inductor in a parallel LC circuit as shown in Figure 4 is a topology commonly encountered where there is a need to take into account the resistance of the coil winding and its self-capacitance.

  6. Ohm's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohm's_law

    The complex generalization of resistance is impedance, usually denoted Z; it can be shown that for an inductor, = and for a capacitor, =. We can now write, V = Z I {\displaystyle V=Z\,I} where V and I are the complex scalars in the voltage and current respectively and Z is the complex impedance.

  7. Impedance parameters - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impedance_parameters

    Z-parameters are also known as open-circuit impedance parameters as they are calculated under open circuit conditions. i.e., I x =0, where x=1,2 refer to input and output currents flowing through the ports (of a two-port network in this case) respectively.

  8. Π pad - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Π_pad

    A general L-section circuit with shunt admittance Y and series impedance Z. The values of resistance of the attenuator's elements can be calculated using image parameter theory. The starting point here is the image impedances of the L section in figure 2. The image admittance of the input is, = + and the image impedance of the output is,

  9. Miller theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller_theorem

    The rest of them have additional impedance connected in series to the input: voltage-to-current converter (transconductance amplifier), inverting amplifier, summing amplifier, inductive integrator, capacitive differentiator, resistive-capacitive integrator, capacitive-resistive differentiator, inductive-resistive differentiator, etc. The ...