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A compartment space is anatomically determined by an unyielding fascial (and osseous) enclosure of the muscles.The anterior compartment syndrome of the lower leg (often referred to simply as anterior compartment syndrome), can affect any and all four muscles of that compartment: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus tertius.
The anterior tibial artery is a branch of the popliteal artery. [1] It originates at the distal end of the popliteus muscle posterior to the tibia. The artery typically passes anterior to the popliteus muscle prior to passing between the tibia and fibula through an oval opening at the superior aspect of the interosseus membrane.
It arises at the anterior aspect of the ankle joint and is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery. [1] [2] It ends at the proximal part of the first intermetatarsal space. Here, it divides into two branches, the first dorsal metatarsal artery, and the deep plantar artery. [2] It is covered by skin and fascia, but is fairly superficial. [2]
The limb affected by compartment syndrome is often associated with a firm, wooden feeling or a deep palpation, and is usually described as feeling tight. [5] [9] There may also be decreased pulses in the limb, poikilothermia, paralysis, and pallor along with associated paresthesia. [15] Usually, the pain cannot be relieved by NSAIDs. [16]
Palpation (checking) of this pulse is commonly performed with the person in the prone position with the knee flexed to relax the popliteal fascia and hamstrings. The pulsations are best felt in the inferior part of the fossa where the popliteal artery is related to the tibia .
muscle wasting/muscle asymmetry; edema (swelling) erythema (redness) ulcers – arterial ulcers tend to be on the borders / sides of the foot, neuropathic ulcers on the plantar surface of the foot, venous ulcers tend on be on the medial aspect of the leg superior to the medial malleolus. hair – hair is absent in peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
If anterior cruciate ligament injury is suspected, radiographic imaging should also be ordered because it is frequently associated with lateral tibial plateau fracture. If there is a painful, reddish, and warm swelling in front of the patella, acute prepatellar bursitis should be considered which may require aspiration or drainage.
The popliteus muscle in the leg is used for unlocking the knees when walking, by laterally rotating the femur on the tibia during the closed chain portion of the gait cycle (one with the foot in contact with the ground). In open chain movements (when the involved limb is not in contact with the ground), the popliteus muscle medially rotates the ...