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The Eschweiler–Clarke reaction (also called the Eschweiler–Clarke methylation) is a chemical reaction whereby a primary (or secondary) amine is methylated using excess formic acid and formaldehyde. [1] [2] Reductive amination reactions such as this one will not produce quaternary ammonium salts, but instead will stop at the tertiary amine ...
In organic chemistry, the Mannich reaction is a three-component organic reaction that involves the amino alkylation of an acidic proton next to a carbonyl (C=O) functional group by formaldehyde (H−CHO) and a primary or secondary amine (−NH 2) or ammonia (NH 3). [1] The final product is a β-amino-carbonyl compound also known as a Mannich base.
Amine. In chemistry, amines (/ ə ˈ m iː n, ˈ æ m iː n /, [1] [2] UK also / ˈ eɪ m iː n / [3]) are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.Formally, amines are derivatives of ammonia (NH 3), wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group [4] (these may respectively be called alkylamines ...
The Forster–Decker method is a series of chemical reactions that have the effect of mono-alkylating a primary amine (1), forming a secondary amine (6). [1] [2] The process occurs by way of transient formation of an imine (3) that undergoes the actual alkylation reaction.
The Gabriel synthesis is a chemical reaction that transforms primary alkyl halides into primary amines.Traditionally, the reaction uses potassium phthalimide. [1] [2] [3] The reaction is named after the German chemist Siegmund Gabriel.
The Hinsberg reaction is a chemical test for the detection of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.The reaction was first described by Oscar Hinsberg in 1890. [1] [2] In this test, the amine is shaken well with the Hinsberg reagent (benzenesulfonyl chloride) in the presence of aqueous alkali (either KOH or NaOH).
Generally, a Mannich reaction is the combination of an amine, a ketone with a β-acidic proton and aldehyde to create a condensed product in a β-addition to the ketone. This occurs through an attack on the ketone with a suitable catalytic-amine unto its electron-starved carbon, from which an imine is created.
The Hofmann rearrangement (Hofmann degradation) is the organic reaction of a primary amide to a primary amine with one less carbon atom. [1] [2] [3] The reaction involves oxidation of the nitrogen followed by rearrangement of the carbonyl and nitrogen to give an isocyanate intermediate.