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During World War II, the Gran Sasso raid (codenamed Unternehmen Eiche, German pronunciation: [ʊntɐˌneːmən ˈaɪ̯çə] ⓘ, literally "Operation Oak", by the German military [1]) on 12 September 1943 was a successful operation by German paratroopers and Waffen-SS commandos to rescue the deposed Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini from custody in the Gran Sasso d'Italia massif.
Hermann-Bernhard Ramcke (24 January 1889 – 4 July 1968) was a German general of paratroop forces during World War II.He led units in Crete, North Africa, Italy, the Soviet Union and France, and was captured by American forces at the conclusion of the Battle for Brest in September 1944.
A paratroop crew firing a mortar Burning German Junkers Ju 52s at Ypenburg, Netherlands, in 1940 Fallschirmjäger landing on Crete in 1941 German paratroopers prepare to be flown to the Greek island of Leros in 1943 Fallschirmjäger paratroopers at Kondomari, Crete, confronting Cretan Greek villagers Mass murder of Cretan Greek male civilians in Kondomari, Crete by Fallschirmjäger ...
The battalion's 23rd Paratroopers Sappers Company remained in Italy to train the paratroopers sappers destined for the 184th Infantry Division "Nembo". On 27 July 1942, the Paratroopers Division was renamed 185th Infantry Division "Folgore". The "Folgore" division and its units were destroyed during the Second Battle of El Alamein. On 25 ...
Hermann Göring (1st Paratroop Panzer Division Hermann Göring - abbreviated Fallschirm-Panzer-Div 1 HG) was a German elite Luftwaffe armoured division. The HG saw action in France, North Africa, Sicily, Italy and on the Eastern Front during World War II. The division began as a battalion-sized police unit in 1933.
At the end of May the weakened division was pulled from the line and returned to Germany for refit, during which time was supplied with more than 1000 FG 42 automatic rifles as part of a new program to equip the paratrooper divisions, although only the 2nd Parachute Division would have the weapon in large numbers. The division was sent to ...
Mussolini, who was rescued by German paratroopers, established a collaborationist puppet state, the Italian Social Republic (RSI), to administer the German-occupied territory. On 13 October 1943, the Allies recognized Italy as a co-belligerent in the war against Germany.
At 7:00 a.m. from a clearing of the Palace of Italian Civilization a mortar of German paratroopers began to shell the bastion of the fort, where the grenadiers were stationed. Some paratroopers crossed today's Via Cristoforo Colombo and Via Ostiense and, with some flamethrowers, set fire to the first structures of the religious institute. [86]