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  2. Economic voting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_voting

    In political science, economic voting is a theoretical perspective which argues that voter behavior is heavily influenced by the economic conditions in their country at the time of the election. According to the classical form of this perspective, voters tend to vote more in favor of the incumbent candidate and party when the economy is doing ...

  3. Duverger's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duverger's_law

    A two-party system is most common under plurality voting.Voters typically cast one vote per race. Maurice Duverger argued there were two main mechanisms by which plurality voting systems lead to fewer major parties: (i) small parties are disincentivized to form because they have great difficulty winning seats or representation, and (ii) voters are wary of voting for a smaller party whose ...

  4. Issue voting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issue_voting

    Nie and Anderson published an analysis of correlations with issue orientations in 1974 that attempted to revise the Michigan School's theory of the public's political belief systems' inherent limitations. [25] In 1979, Nie et al. in The Changing American Voter attempted to explain the rise in issue voting through the fall in party voting. [26]

  5. Retrospective voting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/?title=Retrospective_voting&...

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  6. Voting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting

    In a voting system that uses multiple votes (Plurality block voting), the voter can vote for any subset of the running candidates. So, a voter might vote for Alice, Bob, and Charlie, rejecting Daniel and Emily. Approval voting uses such multiple votes. In a voting system that uses a ranked vote, the voter ranks the candidates in order of ...

  7. Newtonianism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonianism

    Title page of Isaac Newton's Opticks. Newtonianism is a philosophical and scientific doctrine inspired by the beliefs and methods of natural philosopher Isaac Newton.While Newton's influential contributions were primarily in physics and mathematics, his broad conception of the universe as being governed by rational and understandable laws laid the foundation for many strands of Enlightenment ...

  8. Spatial voting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_voting

    The earliest roots of the model are the one-dimensional Hotelling's law of 1929 and Black's median voter theorem of 1948. [10] Anthony Downs, in his 1957 book An Economic Theory of Democracy, further developed the model to explain the dynamics of party competition, which became the foundation for much follow-on research. [11]

  9. Calculus of voting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_of_voting

    A calculus of voting represents a hypothesized decision-making process. These models are used in political science in an attempt to capture the relative importance of various factors influencing an elector to vote (or not vote) in a particular way.