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Download as PDF; Printable version; ... Bright sunlight 120 kilolux: Brightest sunlight Luminance ... Fluorescent lamp [5] [6] 10 5: 75 kcd/m 2:
Full-spectrum light is light that covers the electromagnetic spectrum from infrared to near-ultraviolet, or all wavelengths that are useful to plant or animal life; in particular, sunlight is considered full spectrum, even though the solar spectral distribution reaching Earth changes with time of day, latitude, and atmospheric conditions.
Mathematically, for the spectral power distribution of a radiant exitance or irradiance one may write: =where M(λ) is the spectral irradiance (or exitance) of the light (SI units: W/m 2 = kg·m −1 ·s −3); Φ is the radiant flux of the source (SI unit: watt, W); A is the area over which the radiant flux is integrated (SI unit: square meter, m 2); and λ is the wavelength (SI unit: meter, m).
The sun has a luminance of about 1.6 × 10 9 cd/m 2 at noon. [3] Luminance is invariant in geometric optics. [4] This means that for an ideal optical system, the luminance at the output is the same as the input luminance. For real, passive optical systems, the output luminance is at most equal to the input.
The lumen (symbol: lm) is the unit of luminous flux, a measure of the perceived power of visible light emitted by a source, in the International System of Units (SI). ). Luminous flux differs from power (radiant flux) in that radiant flux includes all electromagnetic waves emitted, while luminous flux is weighted according to a model (a "luminosity function") of the human eye's sensitivity to ...
Luminous efficacy can be normalized by the maximum possible luminous efficacy to a dimensionless quantity called luminous efficiency.The distinction between efficacy and efficiency is not always carefully maintained in published sources, so it is not uncommon to see "efficiencies" expressed in lumens per watt, or "efficacies" expressed as a percentage.
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Cross section of a typical fluorescent lamp with and without a reflector. Some lamps have an internal opaque reflector. Coverage of the reflector ranges from 120° to 310° of the lamp's circumference. Reflector lamps are used when light is only desired to be emitted in a single direction, or when an application requires the maximum amount of ...