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  2. Three-dimensional X-ray diffraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-dimensional_X-ray...

    To determine the crystallographic orientation of the grains in the considered sample, the following software packages are in use: Fable [8] and GrainSpotter. [9] Reconstructing the 3D shape of the grains is nontrivial and three approaches are available to do so, respectively based on simple back-projection, forward projection, algebraic ...

  3. List of molecular graphics systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_molecular_graphics...

    MM XRD MD: Free open-source, GPL C++, Qt, extensible via Python modules BALL: Molecular dynamics MM NMR: LGPL open-source: Standalone program [7] Cn3D: Free open-source: Standalone program [8] In the NCBI C++ toolkit Coot: XRD: Free open-source: Gabedit: XRD MM: Free open-source: C [9] Jmol: Free open-source: Java (applet or standalone program ...

  4. X-ray diffraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_diffraction

    William Lawrence Bragg proposed a model where the incoming X-rays are scattered specularly (mirror-like) from each plane; from that assumption, X-rays scattered from adjacent planes will combine constructively (constructive interference) when the angle θ between the plane and the X-ray results in a path-length difference that is an integer ...

  5. Biological data visualization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_data_visualization

    These composites often exhibit enhanced properties, such as increased strength or electrical conductivity. Visualization of the distribution and interaction of nanoparticles within the matrix can be carried out using techniques like TEM, SEM, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Carbon nanotube

  6. Voigt profile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voigt_profile

    The Voigt profile is normalized: (;,) =,since it is a convolution of normalized profiles. The Lorentzian profile has no moments (other than the zeroth), and so the moment-generating function for the Cauchy distribution is not defined.

  7. X-ray crystallography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography

    A powder X-ray diffractometer in motion. X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions.

  8. Scherrer equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scherrer_Equation

    The shape factor has a typical value of about 0.9, but varies with the actual shape of the crystallite; λ {\displaystyle \lambda } is the X-ray wavelength ; β {\displaystyle \beta } is the line broadening at half the maximum intensity ( FWHM ), after subtracting the instrumental line broadening, in radians .

  9. List of free geology software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_free_geology_software

    LPGL 3.0 Cross-platform: Python: Documentation and tutorials fully available in ReadTheDocs: geoapps repository [24] The geoapps repository are open-source geoscientific applications in Python, including geophysical data processing, modelling, and inversion codes Mira Geoscience Ltd. MIT: Cross-platform: Python