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Coxsackie B4 virus particles. Coxsackieviruses are a few related enteroviruses that belong to the Picornaviridae family of nonenveloped, linear, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, as well as its genus Enterovirus, which also includes poliovirus and echovirus.
Coxsackie A virus is a subgroup of enterovirus A, which are small, non-enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. Its protective, icosahedral capsid has an external portion that contains sixty copies of viral proteins (VP1,-2,-3) and an internal portion surrounding the RNA genome containing sixty copies of VP4 viral proteins.
Coxsackie B is a group of six serotypes of coxsackievirus (CVB1-CVB6), a pathogenic enterovirus, that trigger illness ranging from gastrointestinal distress to full-fledged pericarditis and myocarditis (coxsackievirus-induced cardiomyopathy). [1] [2] The genome of Coxsackie B virus consists of approximately 7,400 base pairs. [3]
Coxsackie B4 virus and type 1 diabetes [ edit ] One theory proposes that type 1 diabetes is a virus-triggered autoimmune response in which the immune system attacks virus-infected cells along with the beta cells in the pancreas , [ 8 ] [ 9 ] but to date there is no stringent evidence to support this hypothesis in humans.
CAR is a receptor for both Coxsackie B virus and adenovirus 2 and 5, which are structurally distinct. [22] In patients with myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy, elevated Coxsackie B2 viral nucleic acids have been detected in myocardial biopsy samples. [23]
Echovirus 9 (also known as E-9, E.C.H.O. 9, and formerly Coxsackie A23 or A23 virus) [1] is a serotype of echovirus. When first discovered, it was labelled as a coxsackie A virus, A23. It was later discovered that A23 was an echovirus antigenically identical to the already-known echovirus 9. [2] Echovirus 9 is the most common enterovirus type. [3]
Over the last couple of decades, numerous culprits have been identified as playing a role in myocarditis pathogenesis in addition to the enterovirus, which at first was the most commonly implicated virus in this pathology. [50] One of the most common enteroviruses found to be responsible for causing Myocarditis is the Coxsackie B3 virus. [50]
Herpangina, also called mouth blisters, is a painful mouth infection caused by coxsackieviruses.Usually, herpangina is produced by one particular strain of coxsackie virus A (and the term "herpangina virus" refers to coxsackievirus A), [1] but it can also be caused by coxsackievirus B or echoviruses. [2]