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Positive airway pressure (PAP) is a mode of respiratory ventilation used in the treatment of sleep apnea.PAP ventilation is also commonly used for those who are critically ill in hospital with respiratory failure, in newborn infants (), and for the prevention and treatment of atelectasis in patients with difficulty taking deep breaths.
It is generally characterized by inflamed and easily collapsible airways, obstruction to airflow, problems exhaling, and frequent medical clinic visits and hospitalizations. Types of obstructive lung disease include asthma, bronchiectasis, bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
CPAP is the most effective treatment for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea, in which the mild pressure from the CPAP prevents the airway from collapsing or becoming blocked. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] CPAP has been shown to be 100% effective at eliminating obstructive sleep apneas in the majority of people who use the therapy according to the ...
In patients failing CPAP and oral appliances, surgical treatment with conservative uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) as salvage surgery is recommended. Randomized controlled studies of the efficacy of UPPP are published, showing effect on nocturnal respiration and excessive daytime sleepiness, [ 117 ] and a systematic Meta-analysis.
CPAP in combination with drugs may also obtain unsatisfactory results. [ 10 ] [ 17 ] For other patients there is an excellent response to CPAP treatment (e.g., for young women patients with catathrenia over a 5-year period, [ 18 ] patient with OSA and pulmonary hypertension, [ 16 ] and others [ 10 ] ).
Merck said its drug met the main goal of significantly reducing the time to disease worsening, lung transplantation or death in a late-stage study of 172 patients with advanced stages of the ...
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