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Depending on the virus, the plaque forming units are measured by microscopic observation, fluorescent antibodies or specific dyes that react with infected cells. [3] The concentration of serum to reduce the number of plaques by 50% compared to the serum free virus gives the measure of how much antibody is present or how effective it is.
The genome of bacteriophages residing in the gut in Type-2 diabetes patients have been shown to contain numerous genes implicated in disease development. [6] Total phage representation in the virome is higher in individuals with Cardiovascular disease than healthy controls, totaling 63% and 18% respectively. [ 6 ]
Plaques from a virus isolated from a compost heap near UCLA. The bacterium is M. smegmatis. A viral plaque is a visible structure formed after introducing a viral sample to a cell culture grown on some nutrient medium. The virus will replicate and spread, generating regions of cell destruction known as plaques.
Cells infected by rotavirus (top) and uninfected cells (bottom). The focus forming assay (FFA) is a variation of the plaque assay, but instead of depending on cell lysis in order to detect plaque formation, the FFA employs immunostaining techniques using fluorescently labeled antibodies specific for a viral antigen to detect infected host cells and infectious virus particles before an actual ...
Bacteriophages and Biofilms: Ecology, Phage Therapy, Plaques. Nova Science Publishers , Hauppauge, New York. Partial online version is also available, constituting effectively a " first edition ".
Phage typing is based on the specific binding of phages to antigens and receptors on the surface of bacteria and the resulting bacterial lysis or lack thereof. [4] The binding process is known as adsorption. [5] Once a phage adsorbs to the surface of a bacteria, it may undergo either the lytic cycle or the lysogenic cycle. [6]
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