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  2. Electronegativities of the elements (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativities_of_the...

    See also: Electronegativities of the elements (data page) There are no reliable sources for Pm, Eu and Yb other than the range of 1.1–1.2; see Pauling, Linus (1960).

  3. Electronegativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity

    Electrostatic potential map of a water molecule, where the oxygen atom has a more negative charge (red) than the positive (blue) hydrogen atoms. Electronegativity, symbolized as χ, is the tendency for an atom of a given chemical element to attract shared electrons (or electron density) when forming a chemical bond. [1]

  4. Bond valence method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_valence_method

    Under certain conditions, nitrogen can form three bonds and oxygen two, but since nitrogen and oxygen typically also form hydrogen bonds, the resulting N-H and O-H bonds have valences less than 1.0 vu, leading through the application of Eq. 1, to the C-C and C-H bonds having valences that differ from 1.0 vu. Nevertheless, the simple bonding ...

  5. Negative air ions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_air_ions

    Due to the strong electronegativity of oxygen and oxygen-containing molecules, they can easily capture free electrons to form negatively charged air ions, most of which are superoxide radicals ·O 2 −, so NAI is mainly composed of negative oxygen ions, also called air negative oxygen ions.

  6. Ion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion

    The net charge of an ion is not zero because its total number of electrons is unequal to its total number of protons. A cation is a positively charged ion with fewer electrons than protons [2] (e.g. K + (potassium ion)) while an anion is a negatively charged ion with more electrons than protons. [3] (e.g. Cl-(chloride ion) and OH-(hydroxide

  7. Electron affinity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_affinity

    A list of the electron affinities was used by Robert S. Mulliken to develop an electronegativity scale for atoms, equal to the average of the electrons affinity and ionization potential. [2] [3] Other theoretical concepts that use electron affinity include electronic chemical potential and chemical hardness.

  8. Purchase rates for Wednesday, December 4, 2024 - AOL

    www.aol.com/finance/mortgage-and-refinance-rates...

    At the conclusion of its seventh and penultimate rate-setting policy meeting of 2024 on November 7, 2024, the Federal Reserve announced it was lowering the federal funds target interest rate by 25 ...

  9. Silicon–oxygen bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon–oxygen_bond

    On the Pauling electronegativity scale, silicon has an electronegativity of 1.90 and oxygen 3.44. The electronegativity difference between the elements is therefore 1.54. Because of this moderately large difference in electronegativities, the Si−O bond is polar but not fully ion