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  2. Electronegativity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity

    Electrostatic potential map of a water molecule, where the oxygen atom has a more negative charge (red) than the positive (blue) hydrogen atoms. Electronegativity, symbolized as χ, is the tendency for an atom of a given chemical element to attract shared electrons (or electron density) when forming a chemical bond. [1]

  3. Electronegativities of the elements (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativities_of_the...

    Electronegativity is not a uniquely defined property and may depend on the definition. The suggested values are all taken from WebElements as a consistent set. Many of the highly radioactive elements have values that must be predictions or extrapolations, but are unfortunately not marked as such.

  4. Negative air ions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_air_ions

    [1] [2] The main components of air are molecular nitrogen and oxygen. Due to the strong electronegativity of oxygen and oxygen-containing molecules, they can easily capture free electrons to form negatively charged air ions, most of which are superoxide radicals ·O 2 −, so NAI is mainly composed of negative oxygen ions, also called air ...

  5. Oxidation state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation_state

    2 has an overall charge of −1, so each of its two equivalent oxygen atoms is assigned an oxidation state of − ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠. This ion can be described as a resonance hybrid of two Lewis structures, where each oxygen has an oxidation state of 0 in one structure and −1 in the other. For the cyclopentadienyl anion C 5 H −

  6. Pauling's principle of electroneutrality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauling's_principle_of...

    Pauling invoked the principle of electroneutrality in a 1952 paper to suggest that pi bonding is present, for example, in molecules with 4 Si-O bonds. [8] The oxygen atoms in such molecules would form polar covalent bonds with the silicon atom because their electronegativity (electron withdrawing power) was higher than that of silicon.

  7. Bent's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent's_rule

    According to VSEPR theory, diethyl ether, methanol, water and oxygen difluoride should all have a bond angle of 109.5 o. [12] Using VSEPR theory, all these molecules should have the same bond angle because they have the same "bent" shape. [12] Yet, clearly the bond angles between all these molecules deviate from their ideal geometries in ...

  8. Electron affinity (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_affinity_(data_page)

    Electron affinity can be defined in two equivalent ways. First, as the energy that is released by adding an electron to an isolated gaseous atom. The second (reverse) definition is that electron affinity is the energy required to remove an electron from a singly charged gaseous negative ion.

  9. Triplet oxygen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triplet_oxygen

    Triplet oxygen, 3 O 2, refers to the S = 1 electronic ground state of molecular oxygen (dioxygen). Molecules of triplet oxygen contain two unpaired electrons, making triplet oxygen an unusual example of a stable and commonly encountered diradical : [ 2 ] it is more stable as a triplet than a singlet .