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  2. Prices of chemical elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prices_of_chemical_elements

    This is a list of prices of chemical elements. Listed here are mainly average market prices for bulk trade of commodities. Data on elements' abundance in Earth's crust is added for comparison. As of 2020, the most expensive non-synthetic element by both mass and volume is rhodium.

  3. Oxygen-free copper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen-free_copper

    This is a 99.99% pure copper with 0.0005% oxygen content. It achieves a minimum 101% IACS conductivity rating. This copper is finished to a final form in a carefully regulated, oxygen-free environment. Silver (Ag) is considered an impurity in the OFE chemical specification. This is also the most expensive of the three grades listed here.

  4. Nines (notation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nines_(notation)

    For example, a N2.0 gas is 99% (two nines) pure and 1% impurities by volume; a N6.0 gas is 99.9999% (six nines) pure, with 1 part per million (1 ppm or 1 vpm, volume per million) impurities. [7] Intermediate values indicate the digit following the last nine. For example, N4.6 estimates a purity level of 99.996% (four nines followed by a six). [7]

  5. Sterling silver - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterling_silver

    Fine silver, which is 99.9% pure silver, is relatively soft, so silver is usually alloyed with copper to increase its hardness and strength.Sterling silver is prone to tarnishing, [1] and elements other than copper can be used in alloys to reduce tarnishing, as well as casting porosity and firescale.

  6. Fineness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fineness

    24-carat gold is pure (while 100% purity is very difficult to attain, 24-carat as a designation is permitted in commerce for a minimum of 99.95% purity), 18-carat gold is 18 parts gold, 6 parts another metal (forming an alloy with 75% gold), 12-carat gold is 12 parts gold (12 parts another metal), and so forth.

  7. Silver standards - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_standards

    Ninety-one (91) zolotniks have the equivalent millesimal fineness of 947[9]. Thus, the alloy contains 94.79% pure silver and 5.21% copper or other metals. [4] [5] Sterling silver has a millesimal fineness of 925. The sterling silver alloy is 92.5% pure silver and 7.5% copper or other metals.

  8. Periodic table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table

    In addition, groups 8, 9 and 10 used to be treated as one triple-sized group, known collectively in both notations as group VIII. In 1988, the new IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) naming system (1–18) was put into use, and the old group names (I–VIII) were deprecated. [23

  9. Tulsa metropolitan area - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulsa_metropolitan_area

    The Tulsa metropolitan area is the economic engine of the Green Country as well as Eastern Oklahoma. In 2017 the Tulsa metropolitan area's GDP was $57.7 billion, [18] up from 43.4 billion in 2009, nearly thirty percent of Oklahoma's economy, and the 53rd largest in the nation. [19]