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Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a yellowish or greenish pigmentation of the skin and sclera due to high bilirubin levels. [ 3 ] [ 6 ] Jaundice in adults is typically a sign indicating the presence of underlying diseases involving abnormal heme metabolism , liver dysfunction , or biliary-tract obstruction. [ 7 ]
In severe cases, it is manifested as jaundice, the yellowing of tissues like skin and the sclera when excess bilirubin deposits in them. [1] The US records 52,500 jaundice patients annually. [ 2 ] By definition, bilirubin concentration of greater than 3 mg/dL is considered hyperbilirubinemia, following which jaundice progressively develops and ...
Jaundice (Hyperbilirubinemia) is common in newborn babies and presents itself as yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes (sclera). About 50 percent of term and 80 percent of preterm infants develop jaundice in the first week of life. [5]
Conjunctival icterus can be quantified by the Jaundice Eye Colour Index (JECI) through digital photography of the sclera, where a JECI of 0 indicates a white colour, and a JECI of 0.1 indicates an intense yellow colour, which is a sign of hemolytic jaundice. [31]
Jaundice may be noticeable in the sclera of the eyes at levels of about 2 to 3 mg/dl (34 to 51 μmol/L), [27] and in the skin at higher levels. [note 1] Jaundice is classified, depending upon whether the bilirubin is free or conjugated to glucuronic acid, into conjugated jaundice or unconjugated jaundice. [citation needed]
Bilious fever was a medical diagnosis of fever associated with excessive bile or bilirubin in the blood stream and tissues, causing jaundice (a yellow color in the skin or sclera of the eye). The most common cause was malaria .
"Preeclampsia not only affects maternal health but can also significantly impact fetal and neonatal short- and long-term outcomes, such as fetal growth restriction, stillbirth, and other medical ...
The sclera's blood vessels are mainly on the surface. Along with the vessels of the conjunctiva (which is a thin layer covering the sclera), those in the episclera render the inflamed eye bright red. [6] In many vertebrates, the sclera is reinforced with plates of cartilage or bone, together forming a circular structure called the sclerotic ring.