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Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) or mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is a neuropathological condition with severe neuronal cell loss and gliosis in the hippocampus. [1] Neuroimaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) may identify individuals with hippocampal sclerosis. [ 2 ]
They most commonly arise from the mesial temporal lobe, particularly the amygdala, hippocampus, and neocortical regions. [17] A common associated brain abnormality is mesial temporal sclerosis. [15] Mesial temporal sclerosis is a specific pattern of hippocampal neuronal loss accompanied by hippocampal gliosis and atrophy. [18]
Identification of common lesions associated with epilepsy like focal cortical dysplasia, mesial temporal sclerosis, microencephalocele, and heterotopia require thorough review of images by trained clinicians as the changes can be very subtle and easily missed if not specifically evaluated for.
Nearly all reports of seizure outcome following these procedures indicate that the best outcome group includes patients with MRI evidence of mesial temporal sclerosis (hippocampal atrophy with increased T-2 signal). The range of seizure-free outcomes for these patients is reported to be between 80% and 90%, which is typically reported as a sub ...
Types of temporal lobectomy include anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) and selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SAH). [38] The ATL resection is the most common technique where the lateral and polar cortex are removed along with the aforementioned mesial temporal structures as well as the posterior part depending on which hemisphere the ...
Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common focal onset epilepsy, and 80% of temporal lobe epilepsy is mesial (medial) temporal lobe epilepsy, temporal lobe epilepsy arising from the inner part of the temporal lobe that may involve the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus or amygdala.
Mesial temporal sclerosis, pattern of hippocampal neuron cell loss; Mohr–Tranebjærg syndrome, also known as deafness–dystonia syndrome; MTS assay, a biochemical cell assay used in research; Muir–Torre syndrome, a cancer syndrome
Hippocampal sclerosis including Ammon's horn sclerosis that is specific to the mesial temporal lobe, is the most common type of such tissue damage. [ 129 ] [ 130 ] It is not yet clear, however, whether the epilepsy is usually caused by hippocampal abnormalities or whether the hippocampus is damaged by cumulative effects of seizures. [ 131 ]