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The Sikh population, after the partition of Punjab, had become a majority population in a contiguous, strategic land area for the first time in its history, [25] [26]: 369 with a new socio-political position, [9] [21] This enabled the Akali Dal to focus on expressing unencumbered Sikh political needs, free from the politics of the former Muslim ...
The two-nation theory was a founding principle of the Pakistan Movement (i.e., the ideology of Pakistan as a Muslim nation-state in South Asia), and the partition of India in 1947. [ 25 ] Theodore Beck , who played a major role in founding of the All-India Muslim League in 1906, was supportive of two-nation theory.
The 1947 Rawalpindi massacres (also 1947 Rawalpindi riots) refer to widespread violence, massacres, and rapes of Hindus and Sikhs by Muslim mobs in the Rawalpindi Division of the Punjab Province of British India in March 1947. The violence preceded the partition of India and was instigated and perpetrated by the Muslim League National Guards ...
India considered the accession of Junagadh invalid because it violated the principle of geographical contiguity of the partition, but Pakistan argued that the maritime border of Junagadh is connected to Pakistan by sea route. Following a breakdown of law and order, its Dewan requested India to take over the administration on 8 November 1947 ...
The West Punjab Government announced other attacks that happened during the 1947 Partition of India. This included the attack of a refugee train in Kamoke carrying Sikh-Hindu passengers around 25 miles west of Lahore on Wednesday, 24 September. This attack was responsible for a further 340 deaths of both Sikhs and Hindus and wounded a further ...
Tightening the grip of martial law, the One Unit program was dissolved in West Pakistan, removing the "West" prefix from Pakistan, and a direct ballot replaced the principle of parity. [110] Territorial changes were carried out in four of the country's provinces, allowing them to retain their geographical structures as they were in 1947. [ 110 ]
The Unionists dominated the political scene in Punjab from World War I to the independence of India and the creation Pakistan after the partition of the province in 1947. The party's leaders served as Prime Minister of the Punjab. The creed of the Unionist Party emphasized: "Dominion Status and a United Democratic federal constitution for India ...
[2] [3] [4] When the Partition of India finally occurred, Jinnah, soon-to-be Governor-General of the Dominion of Pakistan, outlined his vision of Pakistan in an address to the Constituent Assembly, delivered on 11 August 1947. He spoke of an inclusive and impartial government, religious freedom, rule of law,and equality for all. [5] [6]