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Some polymerization reactions such as the setting of epoxy resin; The reaction of most metals with halogens or oxygen; Nuclear fusion in hydrogen bombs and in stellar cores (to iron) Nuclear fission of heavy elements; The reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid; Respiration (breaking down of glucose to release energy in cells)
Toxic: a chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC 50) in air of more than 200 parts per million (ppm) but not more than 2,000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, or more than 2 milligrams per liter but not more than 20 milligrams per liter of mist, fume or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for 1 hour (or less if death occurs within 1 hour) to albino rats ...
The alkaline earth metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra) are the second most reactive metals in the periodic table, and, like the Group 1 metals, have increasing reactivity with increasing numbers of energy levels. Beryllium (Be) is the only alkaline earth metal that does not react with water or steam, even if the metal is heated red hot. [9]
There have been many extremely large explosions, accidental and intentional, caused by modern high explosives, boiling liquid expanding vapour explosions (BLEVEs), older explosives such as gunpowder, volatile petroleum-based fuels such as gasoline, and other chemical reactions. This list contains the largest known examples, sorted by date.
The potential damage is primarily a function of the total amount of fuel burned in the event (total energy available), the maximum reaction velocity that is achieved, and the manner in which the expansion of the combustion gases is contained. Vented deflagrations tend to be less violent or damaging than contained deflagrations. [12]
The most common artificial explosives are chemical explosives, usually involving a rapid and violent oxidation reaction that produces large amounts of hot gas. Gunpowder was the first explosive to be invented and put to use.
Though some flash powders are too volatile and dangerous to be safely used, there are milder compounds that are still incorporated into performances today. Silver Fulminate is used to make noise-makers, small contact poppers, and several other novelty fireworks. [12] It is most widely used in bang snaps. In these small explosives, a minuscule ...
A high explosive violent reaction (HEVR) includes reactions ranging from a fast deflagration of the high explosive (HE), up to and including a detonation of the high explosive. The explosive wave may be subsonic or supersonic.