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A plane joint (arthrodial joint, gliding joint, plane articulation) is a synovial joint which, under physiological conditions, allows only gliding movement. Plane joints permit sliding movements in the plane of articular surfaces. The opposed surfaces of the bones are flat or almost flat, with movement limited by their tight joint capsules.
A prismatic joint is a one-degree-of-freedom kinematic pair [1] which constrains the motion of two bodies to sliding along a common axis, without rotation; for this reason it is often called a slider (as in the slider-crank linkage) or a sliding pair. They are often utilized in hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders. [2]
A screw joint or helical H joint requires cut threads in two links, so that there is a turning as well as sliding motion between them. This joint has one degree of freedom. A cylindrical C joint requires that a line in the moving body remain co-linear with a line in the fixed body. It is a combination of a revolute joint and a sliding joint.
An example of an RRPR, or inverted slider-crank, linkage. Planar four-bar linkages are constructed from four links connected in a loop by four one-degree-of-freedom joints. A joint may be either a revolute joint – also known as a pin joint or hinged joint – denoted by R, or a prismatic joint – also known as a sliding pair – denoted by P ...
The most familiar joints for linkage systems are the revolute, or hinged, joint denoted by an R, and the prismatic, or sliding, joint denoted by a P. Most other joints used for spatial linkages are modeled as combinations of revolute and prismatic joints. For example,
The relative position of two bodies connected by a prismatic joint is defined by the amount of linear slide of one relative to the other one. This one parameter movement identifies this joint as a one degree of freedom kinematic pair. [2] Prismatic joints provide single-axis sliding often found in hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders. [3]
An example is the simple open chain formed by links connected in series, like the usual chain, which is the kinematic model for a typical robot manipulator. [ 2 ] Mathematical models of the connections, or joints, between two links are termed kinematic pairs .
Examples of the latter are tripods, hiking poles, or similar telescoping device. The clamping mechanism is based on a cam, a set screw, or a similar locking mechanism. Slip joints can also be non-telescoping, such as the joints on some older wooden surveyor's levelling rods. These use a joint that keeps the sections offset from each other but ...