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The ability to digest lactose is most common in people of Northern European descent, and to a lesser extent in some parts of the Middle East and Africa. [ 5 ] [ 8 ] Lactose intolerance is most common among people of East Asian descent, with 90% lactose intolerance, people of Jewish descent, in many African countries and Arab countries , and ...
The liver has many functions some of which are important to digestion. The liver can detoxify various metabolites; synthesise proteins and produce biochemicals needed for digestion. It regulates the storage of glycogen which it can form from glucose (glycogenesis). The liver can also synthesise glucose from certain amino acids. Its digestive ...
While nearly all humans can normally digest lactose for the first 5 to 7 years of their lives, [71] most mammals stop producing lactase much earlier. Cattle can be weaned from their mothers' milk at 6 months to a year of age. [73] Lambs are regularly weaned around 16 weeks old. [74]
However, after the infant weaning phase, most people start to have lower levels of lactase. In fact, about 36% of Americans and 68% of people in the world have lactose intolerance.
Humans can consume a variety of carbohydrates, digestion breaks down complex carbohydrates into simple monomers (monosaccharides): glucose, fructose, mannose and galactose. After resorption in the gut , the monosaccharides are transported, through the portal vein , to the liver, where all non-glucose monosacharids (fructose, galactose) are ...
Most vitamins are considered safe for up to two years past their expiration date (unless they contain mold), but may become less potent over time. Pregnant women and people in need of regular ...
In sensitive individuals, such as the elderly or people with reduced kidney function, excess lactulose dosage can result in dehydration and electrolyte disturbances such as low magnesium levels. Ingestion of lactulose does not cause a weight gain because it is not digestible, with no nutritional value.
People with fructose malabsorption absorb less than 25 g per sitting. [6] Simultaneous ingestion of fructose and sorbitol seems to increase malabsorption of fructose. [ 7 ] Fructose that has not been adequately absorbed is fermented by intestinal bacteria producing hydrogen , carbon dioxide , methane and short-chain fatty acids .
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