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A sorbent is an insoluble material that either absorbs or adsorbs liquids [1] or gases. [2] They are frequently used to remove pollutants and in the cleanup of chemical accidents [ 3 ] and oil spills . [ 4 ]
Sorption is a physical and chemical process by which one substance becomes attached to another. Specific cases of sorption are treated in the following articles: Specific cases of sorption are treated in the following articles:
For some examples of this effect, see liquid-liquid extraction. It is possible to extract a solute from one liquid phase to another without a chemical reaction. Examples of such solutes are noble gases and osmium tetroxide. [1] The process of absorption means that a substance captures and transforms energy.
A solvent is usually a liquid but can also be a solid, a gas, or a supercritical fluid. Water is a solvent for polar molecules, and the most common solvent used by living things; all the ions and proteins in a cell are dissolved in water within the cell. Major uses of solvents are in paints, paint removers, inks, and dry cleaning. [2]
A separatory funnel used for liquid–liquid extraction, as evident by the two immiscible liquids.. Liquid–liquid extraction, also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes, based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water (polar) and an organic solvent (non-polar).
In chemistry, solvent effects are the influence of a solvent on chemical reactivity or molecular associations. Solvents can have an effect on solubility , stability and reaction rates and choosing the appropriate solvent allows for thermodynamic and kinetic control over a chemical reaction.
Making a saline water solution by dissolving table salt in water.The salt is the solute and the water the solvent. In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance, which is called the solvent, is treated differently from the other substances, which are called solutes.
SPE is in fact a method of chromatography, in the sense of having a mobile phase, carrying mixtures through a stationary phase, packed inside a column.The chromatographic process is harnessed to create a solid-liquid extractive technique—allowing separation of a mixture of components by taking advantage of large differences between the solid and liquid phase K eq, or equilibrium constant ...