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The TAG flash point tester adheres to ASTM D56 and has no stirrer, while the Abel flash point testers adheres to IP 170 and ISO 13736 and has a stirring motor so the sample is stirred during testing. The flash point is an empirical measurement rather than a fundamental physical parameter.
This apparatus may also be used to determine the chemical's fire point which is considered to have been reached when the application of the test flame produces at least five continuous seconds of ignition. Temperature range of this apparatus is 120 to 250 degree c [2]
The autoignition temperature or self-ignition temperature, often called spontaneous ignition temperature or minimum ignition temperature (or shortly ignition temperature) and formerly also known as kindling point, of a substance is the lowest temperature at which it spontaneously ignites in a normal atmosphere without an external source of ignition, such as a flame or spark. [1]
The fire point, or combustion point, of a fuel is the lowest temperature at which the liquid fuel will continue to burn for at least five seconds after ignition by an open flame of standard dimension. [1] At the flash point, a lower temperature, a substance will ignite briefly, but vapour might not be produced at a rate to sustain the fire ...
The technical definitions vary between countries so the United Nations created the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals, which defines the flash point temperature of flammable liquids as between 0 and 140 °F (60 °C) and combustible liquids between 140 °F (60 °C) and 200 °F (93 °C).
Flash point Minimum ignition energy (mJ) @ proportion in air at which achieved [a] [4] Autoignition temperature Lower Upper Acetaldehyde: 4.0 57.0 IA −39 °C 0.37 175 °C Acetic acid (glacial) 4 19.9 II 39–43 °C 463 °C Acetic anhydride: II 54 °C Acetone: 2.6–3 12.8–13 IB −17 °C 1.15 @ 4.5% 465 °C, 485 °C [5] Acetonitrile: IB 2 °C
Flashover occurs when the majority of the exposed surfaces in a space are heated to their autoignition temperature and emit flammable gases (see also flash point). Flashover normally occurs at 500 °C (932 °F) or 590 °C (1,100 °F) for ordinary combustibles and an incident heat flux at floor level of 20 kilowatts per square metre (2.5 hp/sq ft).
Those with flash points above 37.8 °C/100 °F and below 93.3 °C/200 °F were classified as combustible liquids. [2] [3] Studies show that the actual measure of a liquid's flammability, its flash point, is dependent on the local air pressure, meaning that at higher altitudes where the air pressure is lower, the flash point is also lower. [4]