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Cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) is a theoretical framework [1] to conceptualize and analyse the relationship between cognition (what people think and feel) and activity (what people do). [2] [3] [4] The theory was founded by L. S. Vygotsky [5] and Aleksei N. Leontiev, who were part of the cultural-historical school of Russian ...
The theory of religious economy sees different religious organizations competing for followers in a religious economy, much like the way businesses compete for consumers in a commercial economy. Theorists assert that a true religious economy is the result of religious pluralism , giving the population a wider variety of choices in religion.
Theory within the archaeology of religion borrows heavily from the Anthropology of religion, which encompasses a broad range of perspectives.These include: Émile Durkheim's functionalist understanding of religion as serving to separate the sacred and the profane; [8] Karl Marx's idea of religion as "the opium of the masses" or a false consciousness, [9] Clifford Geertz's loose definition of ...
Under the rubric of systemic-structural activity theory (SSAT), this work represents a modern synthesis within activity theory which brings together the cultural-historical and systems-structural strands of the tradition (as well as other work within Soviet psychology such as the Psychology of Set) with findings and methods from Western human ...
Cross-cultural or comparative theories of religion focus on “religion” as something that can be found and compared across all human cultures and societies. The anthropology of religion today reflects the influence of, or an engagement with, such theorists as Karl Marx (1818-1883), Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), Émile Durkheim (1858-1917), and ...
In the framework of the Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) the leading activity is the activity, or cooperative human action, which plays the most essential role in child development during a given developmental period. Although many activities may play a role in a child's development at any given time, the leading activity is theorized ...
either that religion evolved due to natural selection and has selective advantage; or that religion is an evolutionary byproduct of other mental adaptations. Stephen Jay Gould, for example, saw religion as an exaptation or a spandrel, in other words: religion evolved as byproduct of psychological mechanisms that evolved for other reasons.
Cultural history involves the aggregate of past cultural activity, such as ceremony, class in practices, and the interaction with locales. [1] It combines the approaches of anthropology and history to examine popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience.