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Native Canadians was often used in Canada to differentiate this American term until the 1980s. [34] In contrast to the more-specific Aboriginal, one of the issues with the term native is its general applicability: in certain contexts, it could be used in reference to non-Indigenous peoples in regards to an individual place of origin / birth. [35]
The term Native American Trade in this context describes the people involved in the trade. The products involved varied by region and era. In most of Canada, the term is synonymous with the fur trade , since fur for making beaver hats was by far the most valuable product of the trade, from the European point of view.
The native peoples of the Pacific coast also make totem poles, a trait attributed to other tribes as well. In 2000 a land claim was settled between the Nisga'a people of British Columbia and the provincial government, resulting in the return of over 2,000 square kilometres of land to the Nisga'a.
The parallel term Native Canadian is not commonly used, but Native (in English) and Autochtone (in Canadian French; from the Greek auto, own, and chthon, land) are. Under the Royal Proclamation of 1763, [22] also known as the "Indian Magna Carta," [23] the Crown referred to Indigenous peoples in British territory as tribes or nations.
First Nations and Métis peoples (of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry) played a critical part in the development of European colonies in Canada, particularly for their role in assisting European coureur des bois and voyageurs in their explorations of the continent during the North American fur trade. [52]
Marriage à la façon du pays ([a la fa.sɔ̃ dy pɛ.i]; "according to the custom of the country") refers to the practice of common-law marriage between European fur traders and aboriginal or Métis women in the North American fur trade. [1]: 4 One historian, Sylvia Van Kirk, suggested these marriages were "the basis for a fur trade society". [2]
North West Company trade gun. Horseback Bison hunt. European demand for fur transformed the economic relations of the Great Plains First Nations from a subsistence economy to an economy largely influenced by market forces, thereby increasing the occurrence of conflicts and war among the Great Plains First Nations as they struggled to control access to natural resources and trade routes. [7]
By this, the Seven Nations negotiated free access between Canada and New York, to maintain their important fur trade between Montreal and Albany. [7] In the 1783 Treaty of Paris following the American Revolutionary War, the British Crown ceded all its territories south of the Great Lakes to the United States (US).