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The terms traumatic brain injury and head injury are often used interchangeably in the medical literature. [1] Because head injuries cover such a broad scope of injuries, there are many causes—including accidents, falls, physical assault, or traffic accidents—that can cause head injuries.
Major trauma sometimes is classified by body area; injuries affecting 40% are polytrauma, 30% head injuries, 20% chest trauma, 10%, abdominal trauma, and 2%, extremity trauma. [4] [6] Various scales exist to provide a quantifiable metric to measure the severity of injuries. The value may be used for triaging a patient or for statistical analysis.
A cerebral laceration is a type of traumatic brain injury that occurs when the tissue of the brain is mechanically cut or torn. [1] The injury is similar to a cerebral contusion; however, according to their respective definitions, the pia-arachnoid membranes are torn over the site of injury in laceration and are not torn in contusion.
1.2.1 ICHD 5, ICD10 G44.88: Headache attributed to head and/or neck trauma 1.2.2 ICHD 6, ICD10 G44.81: Headache attributed to cranial or cervical vascular disorder 1.2.3 ICHD 7, ICD10 G44.82: Headache attributed to non-vascular intracranial disorder
Mechanism-related classification divides TBI into closed and penetrating head injury. [10] A closed (also called nonpenetrating, or blunt) [14] injury occurs when the brain is not exposed. [15] A penetrating, or open, head injury occurs when an object pierces the skull and breaches the dura mater, the outermost membrane surrounding the brain. [15]
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [1]
The ICD-10 established a set of diagnostic criteria for PCS in 1992. [38] In order to meet these criteria, a patient has had a head injury "usually sufficiently severe to result in loss of consciousness" [33] [39] and then develop at least three of the eight symptoms marked with a check mark in the table at right under "ICD-10" within four weeks.
OSICS has been found to be more applicable to sports injury coding than the ICD. [27] Most classification of disease has a focus on conditions that present to hospital and/or cause major morbidity or death, whereas in sports medicine there is a focus on conditions (injury and illnesses) that stop an athlete from being able to compete.