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Rural-urban migrant workers have a significant presence in China's labor force. [56] By 2006, migrant workers comprised 40% of the total urban labor force. [57] According to data from National Bureau of Statistics, in 2009 nearly 39.1% of them worked in manufacturing, about 17.3% in construction and more than 7.8% in wholesale and retail.
The existence of these migrant workers is connected to the Hukou system of the People's Republic of China, with which the government sought to limit the ratio of urbanization of the population. The Hukou system is a system of residence and household registration, which provides citizens with permits for residency, which are required for the use ...
Because so many migrant workers are moving to the city from rural areas, employers can hire them to work in poor working conditions for low wages. [16] Migrant workers in China are notoriously marginalized, especially because of the hukou system of residency permits, tying one stated residence to all social welfare benefits. [17] [18]
First-time female migrant workers were identifiable due to their simple appearance and inappropriate, mannerless behavior in the workplace. [1] They have a desire to pursue a more modernized appearance so that they can embody the title dagongmei , for this term represents the modernization of female, rural migrant workers. [ 1 ]
China hosts the largest amount of North Korean migrant workers, estimated at 80,000 by the East–West Center and National Committee on North Korea in 2019. [10] Most North Korean migrant labourers in China work in textiles and garments, though many also work in the food processing industry, particularly in seafood processing.
See more in Wikipedia article: Migration in China Since the implementation of the Opening Up and Reform Policy, China has experienced exponential economic development.. Despite the significant growth as an entire nation, the unbalanced regional growth has created a polarization between the urban and the rural, the east and the west, and the rich and the
The total number of migrant workers in 2020 was 285.60 million, representing a decrease of 1.8% from 2019. [22] Of these, 169.59 million were migrant workers employed outside their hometowns, a decline of 2.7%, while 116.01 million worked within their localities, a decrease of 0.4%. [22]
The average daily wage, for a 12-hour day in a toy factory, in the mid-1990s was US$1.10 for migrant women workers in Shenzhen. [72] Although migrant workers in China still earn low wages, their average income has increased over the past several years. [93] In 2008, the average daily income for migrant workers in China was equivalent to US$6.48 ...