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This is a multiset of cardinality k = 18 made of elements of a set of cardinality n = 4. The number of characters including both dots and vertical lines used in this notation is 18 + 4 − 1. The number of vertical lines is 4 − 1. The number of multisets of cardinality 18 is then the number of ways to arrange the 4 − 1 vertical lines among ...
The HyperLogLog has three main operations: add to add a new element to the set, count to obtain the cardinality of the set and merge to obtain the union of two sets. Some derived operations can be computed using the inclusion–exclusion principle like the cardinality of the intersection or the cardinality of the difference between two HyperLogLogs combining the merge and count operations.
Max-sum MSSP: for each subset j in 1,...,m, there is a capacity C j. The goal is to make the sum of all subsets as large as possible, such that the sum in each subset j is at most C j. [1] Max-min MSSP (also called bottleneck MSSP or BMSSP): again each subset has a capacity, but now the goal is to make the smallest subset sum as large as ...
Let C i (for i between 1 and k) be the sum of subset i in a given partition. Instead of minimizing the objective function max(C i), one can minimize the objective function max(f(C i)), where f is any fixed function. Similarly, one can minimize the objective function sum(f(C i)), or maximize min(f(C i)), or maximize sum(f(C i)).
the multiset path ordering (mpo), originally called recursive path ordering (rpo) [4] the lexicographic path ordering (lpo) [5] a combination of mpo and lpo, called recursive path ordering by Dershowitz, Jouannaud (1990) [6] [7] [8] Dershowitz, Okada (1988) list more variants, and relate them to Ackermann's system of ordinal notations.
The 3-partition problem remains NP-complete even when the integers in S are bounded above by a polynomial in n.In other words, the problem remains NP-complete even when representing the numbers in the input instance in unary. i.e., 3-partition is NP-complete in the strong sense or strongly NP-complete.
The system the observer builds up begins with the full variety (), which is reduced as the observer loses uncertainty about the state by learning to predict the system. If the observer can perceive the system as a deterministic machine in the given reference frame, observation may reduce the variety to zero as the machine becomes completely ...
In some cases a multiset in this counting sense may be generalized to allow negative values, as in Python. C++'s Standard Template Library implements both sorted and unsorted multisets. It provides the multiset class for the sorted multiset, as a kind of associative container, which implements this multiset using a self-balancing binary search ...