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Pterygium inversum unguis or ventral pterygium is characterized by the adherence of the distal portion of the nailbed to the ventral surface of the nail plate. [3]: 788 The condition may be present at birth or acquired, and may cause pain with manipulation of small objects, typing, and close manicuring of the nail.
Pterygium unguis (or dorsal pterygium [1]: 660 ) forms as a result of scarring between the proximal nailfold and matrix, with the classic example being lichen planus, though it has been reported to occur as a result of sarcoidosis and Hansen's disease.
A nail disease or onychosis is a disease or deformity of the nail.Although the nail is a structure produced by the skin and is a skin appendage, nail diseases have a distinct classification as they have their own signs and symptoms which may relate to other medical conditions.
Onychorrhexis (from the Greek words ὄνυχο- ónycho-, "nail" and ῥῆξις rhexis, "bursting"), is a brittleness with breakage of finger or toenails that may result from hypothyroidism, anemia, anorexia nervosa or bulimia, or after oral retinoid therapy. [1]: 786 It can also be seen in melanoma that involves the nail and onychomycosis. [2]
Onychoatrophy, also known as nail atrophy, [1] is a faulty underdevelopment of the nail that may be congenital or acquired, in which the nail is thinned and smaller. [ 2 ] : 784 References
Onychomadesis is a periodic idiopathic shedding of the nails beginning at the proximal end, possibly caused by the temporary arrest of the function of the nail matrix. [1]: 784 [2]: 660 One cause in children is hand, foot, and mouth disease. [3] This generally resolves without complication.
Half and half nails (also known as "Lindsay's nails") show the proximal portion of the nail white and the distal half red, pink, or brown, with a sharp line of demarcation between the two halves. [ 1 ] : 785 The darker distal discoloration does not fade on pressure, [ 2 ] which differentiates Lindsay's nails from Terry's nails .
Pterygium colli or webbed neck, a congenital skin fold of the neck down to the shoulders. Pterygium inversum unguis or ventral pterygium, adherence of the distal portion of the nailbed to the ventral surface of the nail plate. Pterygium unguis or dorsal pterygium, scarring between the proximal nail fold and matrix. [2]