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sum is a legacy utility available on some Unix and Unix-like operating systems. This utility outputs a 16-bit checksum of each argument file, as well as the number of blocks they take on disk. [1] Two different checksum algorithms are in use. POSIX abandoned sum in favor of cksum.
SQL [1] is the standard language for relational database management systems. SQL statements are used to perform tasks such as insert data to a database, delete or update data in a database, or retrieve data from a database.
The Singleton bound is that the sum of the rate and the relative distance of a block code cannot be much larger than 1: R + δ ≤ 1 + 1 n {\displaystyle R+\delta \leq 1+{\frac {1}{n}}} . In other words, every block code satisfies the inequality k + d ≤ n + 1 {\displaystyle k+d\leq n+1} .
In addition to SQLSTATE the SQL command GET DIAGNOSTICS offers more details about the last executed SQL command. In very early versions of the SQL standard the return code was called SQLCODE and used a different coding schema. The following table lists the standard-conforming values - based on SQL:2011. [1]
In SCSI standards for transferring data between computers and peripheral devices, often computer storage, commands are sent in a Command Descriptor Block (CDB). Each CDB can be a total of 6, 10, 12, or 16 bytes, but later versions of the SCSI standard also allow for variable-length CDBs.
cksum is a command in Unix and Unix-like operating systems that generates a checksum value for a file or stream of data. The cksum command reads each file given in its arguments, or standard input if no arguments are provided, and outputs the file's 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) checksum and byte count. [1]
Codd's twelve rules [1] are a set of thirteen rules (numbered zero to twelve) proposed by Edgar F. Codd, a pioneer of the relational model for databases, designed to define what is required from a database management system in order for it to be considered relational, i.e., a relational database management system (RDBMS).
[1] [2] A SELECT statement retrieves zero or more rows from one or more database tables or database views. In most applications, SELECT is the most commonly used data manipulation language (DML) command. As SQL is a declarative programming language, SELECT queries specify a result set, but