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Charles Bowers Momsen (June 21, 1896 – May 25, 1967), nicknamed "Swede", was born in Flushing, New York. [1] He was an American pioneer in submarine rescue for the United States Navy, and he invented the underwater escape device later called the "Momsen lung", for which he received the Navy Distinguished Service Medal in 1929. [1]
Tobacco smoking is by far the major contributor to lung cancer, causing 80% to 90% of cases. [64] Lung cancer risk increases with quantity of cigarettes consumed. [65] Tobacco smoking's carcinogenic effect is due to various chemicals in tobacco smoke that cause DNA mutations, increasing the chance of cells becoming cancerous. [66]
Squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung is closely correlated with a history of tobacco smoking, more so than most other types of lung cancer.According to the Nurses' Health Study, the relative risk of SCC is approximately 5.5, both among those with a previous duration of smoking of 1 to 20 years, and those with 20 to 30 years, compared to never-smokers. [2]
The Momsen lung was a primitive underwater rebreather used before and during World War II by American submariners as emergency escape gear. It was invented by Charles Momsen, who worked on it from 1929 to 1932. [1] Submariners trained with this apparatus in an 80 ft (24 m) deep Escape Training Tank at New London, Mare Island, [2] or Pearl Harbor.
Another study concluded that cigarette smoking is the predominant cause of large cell lung cancer. It estimated that the odds ratio associated with smoking two or more packs/day for current smokers is 37.0 in men and 72.9 in women. [9] Notable people with the condition include American comedian Andy Kaufman, who died from the disease in 1984.
Although it is possible for cancer to strike at any age, most patients with invasive cancer are over 65, [22] and the most significant risk factor for developing cancer is age. [22] According to cancer researcher Robert A. Weinberg, "If we lived long enough, sooner or later we all would get cancer."
From the 1920s to 1950, the year of the study's publication, deaths from lung cancer had quadrupled so now it was the leading cancer found in men. [8] This follows the upward trend of smoking that peaked 20 years prior due to its social pervasiveness, global association with glamour and camaraderie, and the heavy influence of the tobacco industry .
Adenocarcinoma of the lung is the most common type of lung cancer, and like other forms of lung cancer, it is characterized by distinct cellular and molecular features. [1] It is classified as one of several non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), to distinguish it from small cell lung cancer which has a different behavior and prognosis.