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The automated readability index (ARI) is a readability test for English texts, designed to gauge the understandability of a text. Like the Flesch–Kincaid grade level, Gunning fog index, SMOG index, Fry readability formula, and Coleman–Liau index, it produces an approximate representation of the US grade level needed to comprehend the text.
A rendition of the Fry graph. The Fry readability formula (or Fry readability graph) is a readability metric for English texts, developed by Edward Fry. [1] The grade reading level (or reading difficulty level) is calculated by the average number of sentences (y-axis) and syllables (x-axis) per hundred words. These averages are plotted onto a ...
The Dolch word list is a list of frequently used English words (also known as sight words), compiled by Edward William Dolch, a major proponent of the "whole-word" method of beginning reading instruction. The list was first published in a journal article in 1936 [1] and then published in his book Problems in Reading in 1948. [2]
Test Of Word Efficiency (TOWRE) was first developed and published by Joseph K Torgesen, Richard Wagner and Carl Rashotte in 1999. [1] After its popularity and acclamation, [ 3 ] its second revision version was published in 2012 which is known as Test of Word Efficiency second edition (TOWRE - 2).
However "LEP (Limited English Proficiency) students may be allowed to use a word translation finder style dictionary or word-to-word dictionary from first language to English language. Dictionaries that include pictures or word definitions are not allowed." Arizona: Arizona Department of Education: Arizona's Instrument to Measure Standards
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"The Flesch–Kincaid" (F–K) reading grade level was developed under contract to the U.S. Navy in 1975 by J. Peter Kincaid and his team. [1] Related U.S. Navy research directed by Kincaid delved into high-tech education (for example, the electronic authoring and delivery of technical information), [2] usefulness of the Flesch–Kincaid readability formula, [3] computer aids for editing tests ...
Another example is the word "said". It breaks the phonetic rule that ai normally makes the long a sound, ay. In this word it makes the short e sound of eh. [9] The word "said" is pronounced as /s/ /e/ /d/. The word "has" also breaks the phonetic rule of s normally making the sss sound, in this word the s makes the z sound, /z/."