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A Queued Serial Peripheral Interface (QSPI; different to but has same abbreviation as Quad SPI described in § Quad SPI) is a type of SPI controller that uses a data queue to transfer data across an SPI bus. [19] It has a wrap-around mode allowing continuous transfers to and from the queue with only intermittent attention from the CPU.
A clock rate of 2.4 GHz yields a data rate of 19.2 GB/s. More generally, by this definition a two-link 20-lane QPI transfers eight bytes per clock cycle, four in each direction. The rate is computed as follows: 3.2 GHz × 2 bits/Hz (double data rate) × 16(20) (data bits/QPI link width)
Devices implementing SPI are typically specified with line rates of 700~800 Mbit/s and in some cases up to 1 Gbit/s. The latest version is SPI 4 Phase 2 also known as SPI 4.2 delivers bandwidth of up to 16 Gbit/s for a 16 bit interface. The Interlaken protocol, a close variant of SPI-5 replaced the System Packet Interface in the marketplace.
The Intel Ultra Path Interconnect (UPI) [1] [2] is a scalable processor interconnect developed by Intel which replaced the Intel QuickPath Interconnect (QPI) in Xeon Skylake-SP platforms starting in 2017.
In contrast, Uncore functions include QPI controllers, L3 cache, snoop agent pipeline, on-die memory controller, on-die PCI Express Root Complex, and Thunderbolt controller. [3] Other bus controllers such as SPI and LPC are part of the chipset. [4] The Intel uncore design stems from its origin as the northbridge. The design of the Intel uncore ...
A typical application of SPI-4.2 is to connect a framer device to a network processor. It has been widely adopted by the high speed networking marketplace. The interface consists of (per direction): sixteen LVDS pairs for the data path; one LVDS pair for control; one LVDS pair for clock at half of the data rate
ROM size of 64 KB, which contains a boot loader with optional booting from USART0 / USART3, USB0 / USB1, SPI Flash, Quad SPI Flash, external 8 / 16/ 32-bit NOR flash. The ROM also contains an API for in-system programming, in-application programming, OTP programming, USB device stack for HID / MSC / DFU.
SCPI was defined as an additional layer on top of the IEEE 488.2-1987 specification "Standard Codes, Formats, Protocols, and Common Commands". [4] The standard specifies a common syntax, command structure, and data formats, to be used with all instruments.