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This marked the beginning of more than a century of classical liberalism in British India [4] Scottish writer James Mill gained prominence among the British around this time. Generally regarded as a utilitarian imperialist influenced by classical liberalism, [5] his most successful work was A History of British India, published in 1817. Mill ...
In India, the INC was founded in the late 19th century by liberal nationalists demanding the creation of a more liberal and autonomous India. [166] Liberalism continued to be the main ideological current of the group through the early years of the 20th century, but socialism gradually overshadowed the thinking of the party in the next few decades.
The Liberal party was formed in 1919, [1] and British intellectuals and British officials were often participating members of its committees. The Indian National Congress , which had been formed to create a mature political dialogue with the British government, included both moderates and patriots.
Despite economic reforms, decline in poverty has been slow in India compared to its neighbours like China, which did not liberalise to the same extent. Poverty continues to persist in India, before the COVID-19 pandemic there were 59 million Indians living below $2 a day and 1,162 million living between $2.01 and $10 a day. [ 93 ]
Classical liberalism gained full flowering in the early 18th century, building on ideas dating at least as far back as the 16th century, within the Iberian, British, and Central European contexts, and it was foundational to the American Revolution and "American Project" more broadly.
The Civil Disobedience Movement launched a new chapter in the Indian independence movement. It did not succeed by itself, but it brought the Indian population together, under the Indian National Congress's leadership. The movement resulted in self rule being a talking point once again, and recruited more Indians to the idea.
Believing that India should eventually move towards democratic self-government, the Early Nationalists wanted a larger share in the governing of India. They did not seek immediate attainment of their goal as they feared that the government would suppress their activities. Instead they aimed at winning freedom through a gradual process. [15]
Amy Gutmann notes that negative liberalism, positive liberalism, and democratic liberalism all advance different conceptions of the proper limits to government. [1] Gutmann connects the first two categories to Isaiah Berlin's notions of negative liberty and positive liberty, respectively. Gutmann defends the third category, democratic ...