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A composite or composite material (also composition material) is a material which is produced from two or more constituent materials. [1] These constituent materials have notably dissimilar chemical or physical properties and are merged to create a material with properties unlike the individual elements.
In materials science, a general rule of mixtures is a weighted mean used to predict various properties of a composite material. [1] [2] [3] It provides a theoretical upper- and lower-bound on properties such as the elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity. [3]
In materials science, advanced composite materials (ACMs) are materials that are generally characterized by unusually high strength fibres with unusually high stiffness, or modulus of elasticity characteristics, compared to other materials, while bound together by weaker matrices.
A small sample of aerospace grade carbon-fibre/epoxy laminate. In materials science, a composite laminate is an assembly of layers of fibrous composite materials which can be joined to provide required engineering properties, including in-plane stiffness, bending stiffness, strength, and coefficient of thermal expansion.
A key point of micromechanics of materials is the localization, which aims at evaluating the local (stress and strain) fields in the phases for given macroscopic load states, phase properties, and phase geometries. Such knowledge is especially important in understanding and describing material damage and failure.
Nanoscale dispersion of filler or controlled nanostructures in the composite can introduce new physical properties and novel behaviors that are absent in the unfilled matrices. This effectively changes the nature of the original matrix [19] (such composite materials can be better described by the term genuine nanocomposites or hybrids [19]).
A material property is an intensive property of a material, i.e., a physical property or chemical property that does not depend on the amount of the material. These quantitative properties may be used as a metric by which the benefits of one material versus another can be compared, thereby aiding in materials selection.
Knowing these parameters, the mechanical properties can be modeled based on effects from grain boundary strengthening, dislocation strengthening, and Orowan strengthening. [6] The most common particle reinforced composite is concrete, which is a mixture of gravel and sand usually strengthened by addition of small rocks or sand.