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A hydrogen-donor solvent is hydrocarbon that transfers hydrogen to hydrogen-poor substrates, such as coal.The hydrogen-poor substrates could be a solute or suspension. The classic hydrogen-donor solvent (or just donor solvent) is tetrahydronaphthalene, [1] which converts to naphthalene by transfer of two equivalents of H 2 to the substrate.
It uses hydrogen donor compounds such as formic acid, isopropanol or dihydroanthracene, dehydrogenating them to CO 2, acetone, or anthracene respectively. [1] Often, the donor molecules also function as solvents for the reaction. A large scale application of transfer hydrogenation is coal liquefaction using "donor solvents" such as tetralin. [2 ...
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Gaseous hydrogen is produced industrially from hydrocarbons by the process known as steam reforming. [2] For many applications, hydrogen is transferred from donor molecules such as formic acid, isopropanol, and dihydroanthracene. [3] These hydrogen donors undergo dehydrogenation to, respectively, carbon dioxide, acetone, and anthracene.
In chemistry, the hydron, informally called proton, [2] is the cationic form of atomic hydrogen, represented with the symbol H +The general term "hydron", endorsed by IUPAC, encompasses cations of hydrogen regardless of isotope: thus it refers collectively to protons (1 H +) for the protium isotope, deuterons (2 H + or D +) for the deuterium isotope, and tritons (3 H + or T +) for the tritium ...
Organotrophs use organic compounds as electron/hydrogen donors. Lithotrophs use inorganic compounds as electron/hydrogen donors.. The electrons or hydrogen atoms from reducing equivalents (electron donors) are needed by both phototrophs and chemotrophs in reduction-oxidation reactions that transfer energy in the anabolic processes of ATP synthesis (in heterotrophs) or biosynthesis (in autotrophs).
Thioureas are often found to be stronger hydrogen-bond donors (i.e., more acidic) than ureas [7] because their amino groups are more positively charged. Quantum chemical analyses revealed that this counterintuitive phenomenon, which is not explainable by the relative electronegativities of O and S, results from the effective steric size of the ...
Tetralin is used as a hydrogen-donor solvent, for example in coal liquifaction.It functions as a source of H 2, which is transferred to the coal.The partially hydrogenated coal is more soluble.