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Chain mail (also known as chain-mail, mail or maille) [1] is a type of armour consisting of small metal rings linked together in a pattern to form a mesh. It was in common military use between the 3rd century BC and the 16th century AD in Europe, while it continued to be used in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East as late as the 17th century.
Mail and plate armour (plated mail, plated chainmail, splinted mail/chainmail) is a type of mail with embedded plates. Armour of this type has been used in the Middle East , North Africa , Ottoman Empire , Japan , China , Korea , Vietnam , Central Asia , Greater Iran , India , Eastern Europe , and Nusantara .
The lorica hamata was mostly manufactured out of bronze or iron. [1] [10] The armor was made from alternating rows of rings and rows of riveted rings. The rings would be made from punching holes in iron sheets. [3] [11] The riveted rings would be made from wires with their ends butted together. [11] This produced very flexible, and strong armor.
The Japanese used many different weave methods to produce kusari mail, including: a square 4-in-1 pattern (so-gusari), a hexagonal 6-in-1 pattern (hana-gusari), [8] and a European 4-in-1 (nanban-gusari), [9] the kusari links could be doubled up, and some examples were tripled in a possible attempt to make the kusari bullet resistant. [10]
In the Kofun period (250–538), [4] iron plate cuirasses and helmets were being made. [5] Plate armour was used in Japan during the Nara period (646–793); both plate and lamellar armours have been found in burial mounds, and haniwa (ancient clay figures) have been found depicting warriors wearing full armour. [5]
Viking landing at Dublin, 841, by James Ward (1851-1924). Knowledge about military technology of the Viking Age (late 8th to mid-11th century Europe) is based on relatively sparse archaeological finds, pictorial representations, and to some extent on the accounts in the Norse sagas and laws recorded in the 12th–14th centuries.
Coat covered with gold-decorated scales of the pangolin. India, Rajasthan, early 19th century Dacian scale armour on Trajan's column. Scale armour is an early form of armour consisting of many individual small armour scales (plates) of various shapes attached to each other and to a backing of cloth or leather in overlapping rows. [1]
Examples of early armour construction. The lower right section is an example of ring armour. Ring armour (ring mail) is an assumed type of personal armour constructed as series of metallic rings sewn to a fabric or leather foundation.