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Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of symbols, often specifically those of a written language, by means of sight or touch. [1] [2] [3] [4]For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency, and motivation.
Reading comprehension is the ability to process written text, understand its meaning, and to integrate with what the reader already knows. [1][2][3][4] Reading comprehension relies on two abilities that are connected to each other: word reading and language comprehension. [5] Comprehension specifically is a "creative, multifaceted process" that ...
e. The California Basic Educational Skills Test (CBEST) is a standardized test administered in the state of California. It is available as an option in Oregon and Nevada. The test is intended to score basic proficiency in reading, mathematics, and writing. The test is divided into three sections: the reading and math sections each containing 50 ...
Whole language is a philosophy of reading and a discredited [8] educational method originally developed for teaching literacy in English to young children. The method became a major model for education in the United States, Canada, New Zealand, and the UK in the 1980s and 1990s, [7] despite there being no scientific support for the method's effectiveness. [9]
Microsoft Office 2007 (codenamed Office 12[ 5 ]) is an office suite for Windows, developed and published by Microsoft. It was officially revealed on March 9, 2006 and was the 12th version of Microsoft Office. It was released to manufacturing on November 3, 2006; [ 6 ] it was subsequently made available to volume license customers on November 30 ...
Microsoft Office 4.2 for Mac was released in 1994. (Version 4.0 was skipped to synchronize version numbers with Office for Windows) Version 4.2 included Word 6.0, Excel 5.0, PowerPoint 4.0 and Mail 3.2. [184] It was the first Office suite for Power Macintosh. [176]
The United States Department of Education assesses literacy in the general population through its National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL). [4] The NAAL survey defines three types of literacy: [5] Prose: the knowledge and skills needed to search, comprehend, and use continuous texts. Examples include editorials, news stories, brochures, and ...
13 April 2007. (2007-04-13) (aged 81) Auckland, New Zealand. Occupation (s) Educationist, researcher. Dame Marie Mildred Clay DBE FRSNZ (/ ˈmɑːri / MAR-ee; [1] née Irwin; 3 January 1926 – 13 April 2007) was a researcher from New Zealand known for her work in educational literacy. She was committed to the idea that children who struggle to ...