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Epicurus(/ˌɛpɪˈkjʊərəs/, EH-pih-KURE-əs;[2]Greek: ἘπίκουροςEpikouros; 341–270 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopherand sagewho founded Epicureanism, a highly influential school of philosophy. He was born on the Greekisland of Samosto Athenianparents. Influenced by Democritus, Aristippus, Pyrrho,[3]and possibly the Cynics, he ...
Roman Epicurusbust. Epicureanismis a system of philosophyfounded around 307 BCEbased upon the teachings of Epicurus, an ancient Greek philosopher. Epicurus was an atomistand materialist, following in the steps of Democritus. His materialism led him to religious skepticismand a general attack on superstition and divine intervention.
Epicurus identified eudaimonia with the life of pleasure. Epicurus' ethical theory is hedonistic. His views were very influential for the founders and best proponents of utilitarianism, Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. Hedonism is the view that pleasure is the only intrinsic good and that pain is the only intrinsic bad.
Responses to the problem of evil have traditionally been in three types: refutations, defenses, and theodicies. The problem of evil is generally formulated in two forms: the logical problem of evil and the evidential problem of evil. The logical form of the argument tries to show a logical impossibility in the coexistence of a god and evil, [ 2 ...
Epicuri de grege porcum. A bronze statue of a pig in the Villa of the Papyri, the centre of a circle of Epicureans led by Philodemus of Gadara. The Latin phrase Epicuri de grege porcum (literally, "A pig from the herd of Epicurus ") was a phrase first used by the Roman poet Horace. The phrase appears in an epistle to Albius Tibullus, giving ...
Diogenes of Oenoanda. Diogenes of Oenoanda (Greek: Διογένης ὁ Οἰνοανδεύς) was an Epicurean Greek from the 2nd century AD who carved a summary of the philosophy of Epicurus onto a portico wall in the ancient Greek city of Oenoanda in Lycia (modern day southwest Turkey). The surviving fragments of the wall, originally ...
Epicurus was not an atheist, although he rejected the idea of a god concerned with human affairs; followers of Epicureanism denied the idea that there was no god. While the conception of a supreme, happy and blessed god was the most popular during his time, Epicurus rejected such a notion, as he considered it too heavy a burden for a god to have to worry about all the problems in the world.
The Principal Doctrines (Kyriai doxai, sometimes Kyriai doxiai) are forty authoritative conclusions set up as official doctrines by the founders of Epicureanism: Epicurus of Samos, Metrodorus of Lampsacus, Hermarchus of Mitilene and Polyaenus of Lampsacus. The first four doctrines make up the Tetrapharmakos (Four Cures), which have sometimes ...