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Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse is the name given by gambling authors [1][2] to the four U.S. Army engineers who first discovered in the 1950s the best playing strategy in the casino game of Blackjack that can be formulated on the basis of the player's and the dealer's cards. The so-called Basic Strategy, which was subsequently refined through ...
And in the 1957 book, Playing Blackjack to Win, Roger Baldwin, Wilbert Cantey, Herbert Maisel, and James McDermott (known as "The Four Horsemen") published the first accurate blackjack basic strategy and a rudimentary card counting system, devised solely with the aid of crude mechanical calculators – what used to be called "adding machines". [48]
Pontoon, twenty-one, Siebzehn und Vier, vingt-et-un. Blackjack (formerly black jack and vingt-un) is a casino banking game. [1]: 342 It is the most widely played casino banking game in the world. It uses decks of 52 cards and descends from a global family of casino banking games known as "twenty-one".
Edward Oakley Thorp (born August 14, 1932) is an American mathematics professor, author, hedge fund manager, and blackjack researcher. He pioneered the modern applications of probability theory, including the harnessing of very small correlations for reliable financial gain. Thorp is the author of Beat the Dealer, which mathematically proved ...
The MIT Blackjack Team was a group of students and ex-students. The students were from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, and other leading colleges; they used card counting techniques and more sophisticated strategies to beat casinos at blackjack worldwide. The team and its successors operated successfully from 1979 ...
Hole carding. A game of blackjack where the dealer has a single face-down hole card. In card games, hole carding is the obtaining of knowledge of cards that are supposed to be hidden from view. The term is usually applied to blackjack but can apply to other games with hidden hole cards, like three card poker and Caribbean stud poker.
2. The best possible hand in the game blackjack, made up of an ace and a card valued at 10 (namely, 10, J, Q, K). bust Having a total over 21. bust card The individual card that brings the hand's total over 21. basic strategy A collection of actions that will offer the best odds off the top of the deck.
The set of the optimal plays for all possible hands is known as "basic strategy" and is highly dependent on the specific rules, and even the number of decks used. Good Blackjack and Spanish 21 games have to house edges below 0.5%. Online slot games often have a published return to player (RTP) percentage that determines the theoretical house ...