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Britannica and various authors noted that the policies of Vladimir Lenin, the first leader of the Soviet Union, contributed to the establishment of a totalitarian system in the USSR, [3] [7] but while some authors, such as Leszek Kolakowski, believed Stalinist totalitarianism to be a continuation of Leninism [7] and directly called Lenin's ...
Democracies and dictatorships in 2008 [1] Democracies and dictatorships in 1988 [1]. Democracy-Dictatorship (DD), [1] index of democracy and dictatorship [2] or simply the DD index [3] or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). [4]
This is a list of current heads of state and heads of government.In some cases, mainly in presidential systems, one leader is head of state and head of government.In other cases, mainly in semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of state and the head of government are different people.
The Low Countries: Zhu Youlang (Yongli Emperor) Emperor of the Southern Ming: Southern Ming: 1661–1662† Burma: Govinda Manikya: Maharaja of Tripura: Twipra Kingdom: 1661–1667 Chittagong Hill Tracts Kingdom of Mrauk U: James II and VII: King of England and Ireland King of Scotland England Scotland Ireland: 1688–1701† France: Chakdor ...
For now, the answers to the country’s immediate future appear to lie with the leader of the HTS rebel coalition, Abu Mohammad al-Jolani (real name, Ahmad Al Sharaa), who met Jalali, the outgoing ...
The plotters ousted President Makarios III and replaced him with pro-Enosis (Greek irridentist) nationalist Nikos Sampson as dictator. The Sampson regime was described as a puppet state, whose ultimate aim was the annexation of the island by Greece [92] [93] Dương Văn Minh South Vietnam: President North Vietnam: 30 April 1975 Fall of Saigon
The majority fall short of Hitler or Stalin, but history is rife with oppressors, war criminals, sadists, sociopaths, and morally complacent individuals
In the exercise of socio-political power, the difference between a totalitarian regime of government and an authoritarian régime of government is one of degree; whereas totalitarianism features a charismatic dictator and a fixed worldview, authoritarianism only features a dictator who holds power for the sake of holding power, and is supported ...