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Ammonia in pure form is also applied directly into the soil. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many chemicals. Ammonia occurs in nature and has been detected in the interstellar medium. In many countries, it is classified as an extremely hazardous substance.
Ammonia production takes place worldwide, mostly in large-scale manufacturing plants that produce 183 million metric tonnes [1] of ammonia (2021) annually. [2][3] Leading producers are China (31.9%), Russia (8.7%), India (7.5%), and the United States (7.1%). 80% or more of ammonia is used as fertilizer. Ammonia is also used for the production ...
Ammonium sulfate is made by treating ammonia with sulfuric acid: 2 NH3 + H2SO4 → (NH4)2SO4. A mixture of ammonia gas and water vapor is introduced into a reactor that contains a saturated solution of ammonium sulfate and about 2% to 4% of free sulfuric acid at 60 °C. Concentrated sulfuric acid is added to keep the solution acidic, and to ...
The Haber process, [1] also called the Haber–Bosch process, is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia. [2][3] It converts atmospheric nitrogen (N 2) to ammonia (NH 3) by a reaction with hydrogen (H 2) using a finely divided iron metal catalyst: This reaction is slightly favorable in terms of enthalpy, but is disfavored in ...
Ammonium nitrate is a chemical compound with the formula NH4NO3. It is a white crystalline salt consisting of ions of ammonium and nitrate. It is highly soluble in water and hygroscopic as a solid, although it does not form hydrates. It is predominantly used in agriculture as a high-nitrogen fertilizer.
Infobox references. Ammonium is a modified form of ammonia that has an extra hydrogen atom. It is a positively charged (cationic) molecular ion with the chemical formula NH+ 4 or [NH4]+. It is formed by the addition of a proton (a hydrogen nucleus) to ammonia (NH3).
Ostwald process. The Ostwald process is a chemical process used for making nitric acid (HNO 3). [1] The Ostwald process is a mainstay of the modern chemical industry, and it provides the main raw material for the most common type of fertilizer production. [2] Historically and practically, the Ostwald process is closely associated with the Haber ...
This ammonia is used as a feedstock for all other nitrogen fertilizers, such as anhydrous ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3) and urea (CO(NH 2) 2). Deposits of sodium nitrate (NaNO 3) (Chilean saltpeter) are also found in the Atacama Desert in Chile and was one of the original (1830) nitrogen-rich fertilizers used. [35] It is still mined for ...
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