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2. Positive real numbers - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_real_numbers

   Positive real numbers. In mathematics, the set of positive real numbers, is the subset of those real numbers that are greater than zero. The non-negative real numbers, also include zero. Although the symbols and are ambiguously used for either of these, the notation or for and or for has also been widely employed, is aligned with the practice ...

3. Measure (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measure_(mathematics)

   Measure (mathematics) Informally, a measure has the property of being monotone in the sense that if is a subset of the measure of is less than or equal to the measure of Furthermore, the measure of the empty set is required to be 0. A simple example is a volume (how big an object occupies a space) as a measure.

4. Addition - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition

   Addition (usually signified by the plus symbol +) is one of the four basic operations of arithmetic, the other three being subtraction, multiplication and division. [2] The addition of two whole numbers results in the total amount or sum of those values combined. The example in the adjacent image shows two columns of three apples and two apples ...

5. Sign (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_(mathematics)

   This attribute of a number, being exclusively either zero (0), positive (+), or negative (−), is called its sign, and is often encoded to the real numbers 0, 1, and −1, respectively (similar to the way the sign function is defined). [1] Since rational and real numbers are also ordered rings (in fact ordered fields), the sign attribute also ...

6. Number - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number

   A computable number, also known as recursive number, is a real number such that there exists an algorithm which, given a positive number n as input, produces the first n digits of the computable number's decimal representation. Equivalent definitions can be given using μ-recursive functions, Turing machines or λ-calculus.

7. Positive definiteness - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_definiteness

   In mathematics, positive definiteness is a property of any object to which a bilinear form or a sesquilinear form may be naturally associated, which is positive-definite. See, in particular: Positive-definite bilinear form. Positive-definite function. Positive-definite function on a group. Positive-definite functional. Positive-definite kernel.

8. Perfect number - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_number

   By definition, a perfect number is a fixed point of the restricted divisor function s(n) = σ(n) − n, and the aliquot sequence associated with a perfect number is a constant sequence. All perfect numbers are also -perfect numbers, or Granville numbers. A semiperfect number is a natural number that is equal to the sum of all or some of its ...

9. Arithmetic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic

   Arithmetic is an elementary branch of mathematics that studies numerical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. In a wider sense, it also includes exponentiation, extraction of roots, and taking logarithms. Arithmetic systems can be distinguished based on the type of numbers they operate on.