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Fish vision shows adaptation to their visual environment, for example deep sea fishes have eyes suited to the dark environment. Fish and other aquatic animals live in a different light environment than terrestrial species. Water absorbs light so that with increasing depth the amount of light available decreases quickly.
Organisms at high altitude. An Alpine chough in flight at 3,901 m (12,799 ft) Organisms can live at high altitude, either on land, in water, or while flying. Decreased oxygen availability and decreased temperature make life at such altitudes challenging, though many species have been successfully adapted via considerable physiological changes.
Fish retinas generally have both rod cells and cone cells (for scotopic and photopic vision), and most species have colour vision. Some fish can see ultraviolet and some are sensitive to polarised light. Among jawless fishes, the lamprey [1] has well-developed eyes, while the hagfish has only primitive eyespots. [2]
Climate change is modifying fish distributions [ 6] and the productivity of marine and freshwater species. Climate change is expected to lead to significant changes in the availability and trade of fish products. [ 7] The geopolitical and economic consequences will be significant, especially for the countries most dependent on the sector.
Salmon: A Fish, the Earth, and the History of a Common Fate is a 2020 non-fiction book, written by Mark Kurlansky and published by Oneworld Publications, about the economic and natural history of salmon. It is a follow-up to Kurlanksky's 1997 book, Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. The book is dedicated to Icelandic ...
Deep-sea fish. Deep-sea fish are fish that live in the darkness below the sunlit surface waters, that is below the epipelagic or photic zone of the sea. The lanternfish is, by far, the most common deep-sea fish. Other deep-sea fishes include the flashlight fish, cookiecutter shark, bristlemouths, anglerfish, viperfish, and some species of eelpout.
Conversely, freshwater has less osmolytes than the fish's internal fluids. Therefore, freshwater fishes must utilize their gill ionocytes to attain ions from their environment to maintain optimal blood osmolarity. [6] [10] In some primitive bony fishes and amphibians, the larvae bear external gills, branching off from the gill arches. [11]
Ray finned species, with spiny fins, are rare among deep sea fishes, which suggests that deep sea fish are ancient and so well adapted to their environment that invasions by more modern fishes have been unsuccessful. [18] The few ray fins that do exist are mainly in the Beryciformes and Lampriformes, which also are ancient forms. Most deep sea ...