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The TSI of a water body is rated on a scale from zero to one hundred. [1] Under the TSI scale, water bodies may be defined as: [1] oligotrophic (TSI 0–40, having the least amount of biological productivity, "good" water quality); mesotrophic (TSI 40–60, having a moderate level of biological productivity, "fair" water quality); or
The alum then reduces phosphorus levels by inactivating the phosphorus released from these lake sediments, thereby controlling phosphorus in the entire water column. This phosphorus supplied from within the lake sediments is known as "internally loaded" phosphorus, as opposed to "externally loaded" phosphorus supplied by sources outside the ...
W w is the mass of the water in kilograms, b i, b j... are the molalities of the ions and I is the ionic strength. The first term, f(I) represents the Debye–Hückel limiting law. The quantities λ ij (I) represent the short-range interactions in the presence of solvent between solute particles i and j .
Microorganisms preferentially consume oxygen in nitrate over phosphate leading to deeper oceanic waters having an N:P ratio of less than 16:1. From there, the ocean's currents upwell the nutrients to the surface where phytoplankton will consume the excess Phosphorus and maintain a N:P ratio of 16:1 by consuming N 2 via nitrogen fixation. [9]
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
Nutrient pollution, a form of water pollution, refers to contamination by excessive inputs of nutrients.It is a primary cause of eutrophication of surface waters (lakes, rivers and coastal waters), in which excess nutrients, usually nitrogen or phosphorus, stimulate algal growth. [1]
Historically, the hyperaccumulation of phosphate by Ca. Accumulibacter was seen as a stress response, but currently it is suggested that this behavior may play an ecological role. [12] In combination with Ca. Phosphoribacter, these two PAOs are considered to account for 24-70% of phosphorus removed from wastewater during treatment processing. [7]
Water retention curve is the relationship between the water content, θ, and the soil water potential, ψ. The soil moisture curve is characteristic for different types of soil, and is also called the soil moisture characteristic. It is used to predict the soil water storage, water supply to the plants (field capacity) and soil aggregate stability.